Ranjithkumar Ammasi1,2, John Sundar Victor3, Rose Chellan1, Muralidharan Chellappa4,5. 1. Biochemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India. 2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. 3. Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India. 4. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. cmuralidharan@clri.res.in. 5. Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India. cmuralidharan@clri.res.in.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The utilization of biotechnology in leather sector has more extensive in modern years; more particular to proteolytic enzymes and employed in several steps of the leather making such as soaking, dehairing, bating, solid waste management etc. The current study evaluates the performance of alkaline protease from Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in single soaking of goat skins matrix by comparing with the conventional multiple soaking processes. RESULTS: According to the obtained results, the optimum concentration for maximum rehydration of goat skins was accomplished at 1.0% (v/w) of alkaline protease at duration of 3 h over traditional rehydration method (4-6 h). The moisture level, total protein, chloride content and total organic carbon of enzymatic rehydration was superior to that of conventional rehydration and it was also used to measure the effectiveness of rehydration process. Scanning electron microscopic images of enzymatically processed leather exhibits enhanced opening of fiber bundles and smooth grain surface than conventional method. Furthermore, the alkaline protease treated leather exhibited improved moisture uptake, removal of chlorides and suppleness because of hydrolysis of non-collagenous proteins as indicated by well opened up fiber bundles in histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The application of alkaline protease in rehydration operation of leather production confirmed scope for diminishing water quantity around 66.6%, soaking duration at 50%, minimizing use of harmful dehairing chemicals at 50-60%, thereby, eliminating the bating operation during pre-tanning. These outcomes suggest that alkaline protease have potential application in rehydration of skins for immense environmental concerns of leather tanning sectors.
OBJECTIVES: The utilization of biotechnology in leather sector has more extensive in modern years; more particular to proteolytic enzymes and employed in several steps of the leather making such as soaking, dehairing, bating, solid waste management etc. The current study evaluates the performance of alkaline protease from Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in single soaking of goat skins matrix by comparing with the conventional multiple soaking processes. RESULTS: According to the obtained results, the optimum concentration for maximum rehydration of goat skins was accomplished at 1.0% (v/w) of alkaline protease at duration of 3 h over traditional rehydration method (4-6 h). The moisture level, total protein, chloride content and total organic carbon of enzymatic rehydration was superior to that of conventional rehydration and it was also used to measure the effectiveness of rehydration process. Scanning electron microscopic images of enzymatically processed leather exhibits enhanced opening of fiber bundles and smooth grain surface than conventional method. Furthermore, the alkaline protease treated leather exhibited improved moisture uptake, removal of chlorides and suppleness because of hydrolysis of non-collagenous proteins as indicated by well opened up fiber bundles in histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The application of alkaline protease in rehydration operation of leather production confirmed scope for diminishing water quantity around 66.6%, soaking duration at 50%, minimizing use of harmful dehairing chemicals at 50-60%, thereby, eliminating the bating operation during pre-tanning. These outcomes suggest that alkaline protease have potential application in rehydration of skins for immense environmental concerns of leather tanning sectors.