Medical adrenalectomy for advanced prostatic cancer: clinical and hormonal effects.

We examined the effect of medical adrenalectomy on the clinical and hormonal responses in 50 men with disseminated prostatic carcinoma. Patients refractory to initial hormonal therapy were treated with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone (AG-HC) and evaluated by the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. Eight patients showed a partial response (PR), and 17 remained stable while receiving these medications. Survival times for these two groups averaged 87.8 and 38 weeks, respectively. In contrast, 17 men were unresponsive to this therapy, exhibiting progressive disease with a mean survival time of 18 weeks. Eight patients could not tolerate the drug regimen or were lost to follow-up. Serum and urinary hormone profiles determined serially during AG-HC therapy revealed that all measured serum androgens and estrogens were significantly lowered by AG-HC treatment; however, specific hormones, including free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, and estradiol were suppressed to a greater degree in responders (R) as compared with nonresponders (NR). Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids did not change during AG-HC therapy, but specific androgen metabolites, including testosterone glucuronide and androstanediol glucuronide, were suppressed by 50% during AG-HC therapy. We showed modest clinical benefit of AG-HC therapy in advanced prostatic cancer. That greater hormonal suppression was associated with greater responsiveness to this therapy raises the hope that further manipulations directed against suppression of extratesticular androgens may be a useful approach as second-line treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.