| Literature DB >> 31772176 |
Jens Hjort Schwee1, Aslak Johansen2, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen2, Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard2, Claudio Giovanni Mattera2, Fisayo Caleb Sangogboye2, Christian Veje2.
Abstract
The research areas of occupant sensing and occupant behavior modeling are lacking comprehensive public datasets for providing baseline results and fostering data-driven approaches. This data descriptor covers a dataset collected via sensors on room-level occupant counts together with related data on indoor environmental quality. The dataset comprises 44 full days, collated in the period March 2018 to April 2019, and was collected in a public building in Northern Europe. Sensor readings cover three rooms, including one lecture room and two study zones. The data release contains two versions of the dataset, one which has the raw readings and one which has been upsampled to a one-minute resolution. The dataset can be used for developing and evaluating data-driven applications, occupant sensing, and building analytics. This dataset can be an impetus for the researchers and designers to conduct experiments and pilot studies, hence used for benchmarking.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31772176 PMCID: PMC6879639 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0274-4
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Sci Data ISSN: 2052-4463 Impact factor: 6.444
The sensor streams in the released dataset, and the units which they are measured in. Uncertainty is reported as specified in the technical product sheets.
| Sensor | Description | Unit | Uncertainty |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | CO2 concentration by wall mounted sensor. | Parts Per Million (ppm) | 300–1000 ppm: ±120 ppm |
| 1000–2000 ppm: ±250 ppm | |||
| 2000–5000 ppm: ±300 ppm | |||
| Relative Humidity | Relative humidity measured by wall mounted sensor. | Percentage | ±5% |
| Illuminance | Illuminance measured by ceiling mounted sensor. | Lux | Operating range 10–2000 lux |
| Occupant count | Estimated number of occupants in the room. | Count | Not available |
| Enter door 1 | Number of counted occupants entering since last reading. | Count | 1% |
| Exit door 1 | Number of counted occupants leaving since last reading. | Count | 1% |
| Enter door 2 | Number of counted occupants entering since last reading. | Count | 1% |
| Exit door 2 | Number of counted occupants leaving since last reading. | Count | 1% |
| Temperature | Temperature in the room measured by wall mounted sensor. | Degree Celsius | 1 °C |
| VAV damper position | The openness of the variable air volume damper for in-flow air ventilation. | Percentage | Not available |
The sampling strategy for each of the sensor streams at the individual rooms. CO2 is sampled using dynamic sampling rate (DSR), where the sampling frequency is increased (up to one sample per minute) when higher levels of CO2 are observed. Occupant counts are sampled using a static sampling rate (SSR). The relative humidity and temperature streams are sampled using a threshold-based strategy. The variable air volume (VAV) damper position is sampled when there is a change in the position.
| Sensor | Room 1 | Room 2 | Room 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | DSR (5 minutes interval in normal operation). | DSR (5 minutes interval in normal operation). | DSR (5 minutes interval in normal operation). |
| Relative humidity | Threshold based (≈2% change). | Threshold based (≈2% change). | Threshold based (≈2% change). |
| Illuminance | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Occupant counts | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Enter door 1 | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Exit door 1 | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Enter door 2 | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Exit door 2 | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). | SSR (1 minutes interval). |
| Temperature | Threshold based (≈0.1° change). | Threshold based (≈0.1° change). | Threshold based (≈0.1° change). |
| VAV damper position | Sample on change. | Sample on change. | Sample on change. |
Overview of the locations of the sensors inside the room.
| Sensor | Room 1 | Room 2 | Room 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | Installed on south facing wall, in 180 cm. | Installed on south facing wall, in 180 cm. | Installed on south facing wall, in 180 cm. |
| Illuminance | Installed on the ceiling. | Installed on the ceiling. | Installed on the ceiling. |
| Occupant counts | Virtual sensor. | Virtual sensor. | Virtual sensor. |
| Enter door 1 | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. |
| Exit door 1 | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 1. |
| Enter door 2 | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. |
| Exit door 2 | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. | Installed on the ceiling. In the hallway 0.5 m from door 2. |
| Temperature | Installed on the south-facing wall, at height 180 cm. | Installed on the south-facing wall, at height 180 cm. | Installed on the south-facing wall, at height 180 cm. |
| VAV damper position | On the damper. | On the damper. | On the damper. |
The sensor modalities in each of the rooms and the number of readings in the streams, in the original data stream.
| Sensor | Room 1 number of readings | Room 2 number of readings | Room 3 number of readings |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 12044 | 11897 | 12059 |
| Relative humidity | 6440 | 7639 | 5468 |
| Illuminance | 24813 | 23663 | 21542 |
| Occupant counts | 63350 | 63350 | 63350 |
| Enter door 1 | 63334 | 63334 | 63288 |
| Exit door 1 | 63334 | 63334 | 63288 |
| Enter door 2 | 63170 | 63287 | 63335 |
| Exit door 2 | 63170 | 63287 | 63335 |
| Temperature | 5200 | 2457 | 2352 |
| VAV damper position | 880 | 659 | 656 |
The data coverage, for the sensors with sampling strategy of DSR and SSR, in the original data stream.
| Sensor | Room 1 data coverage | Room 2 data coverage | Room 3 data coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 93.19% | 92.42% | 93.77% |
| Illuminance | 39.16% | 37.35% | 34.00% |
| Occupant counts | 99.98% | 99.98% | 99.98% |
| Enter door 1 | 99.96% | 99.96% | 99.88% |
| Exit door 1 | 99.96% | 99.96% | 99.88% |
| Enter door 2 | 99.70% | 99.89% | 99.96% |
| Exit door 2 | 99.70% | 99.89% | 99.96% |
Summary statistics for the upsampled streams in Room 1.
| Sensor | Min value | Max value | Standard deviation | Skew | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 406.72 | 1046.40 | 113.49 | 1.46 | 1.57 |
| Relative humidity | 22.75 | 74.90 | 9.90 | 0.45 | −0.35 |
| Illuminance | 0 | 2064.64 | 237.52 | 2.50 | 10.90 |
| Occupant counts | 0 | 80 | 15.87 | 2.14 | 3.71 |
| Enter door 1 | 0 | 36 | 0.56 | 15.01 | 605.39 |
| Exit door 1 | 0 | 23 | 0.59 | 12.42 | 256.30 |
| Enter door 2 | 0 | 41 | 0.88 | 8.14 | 156.94 |
| Exit door 2 | 0 | 43 | 0.97 | 9.46 | 171.51 |
| Temperature | 19.40 | 28.40 | 1.50 | 0.48 | 0.21 |
| VAV damper position | 0% | 100% | 29.20 | 1.10 | 0.10 |
Summary statistics for the upsampled streams in Room 3.
| Sensor | Min value | Max value | Standard deviation | Skew | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 408.0 | 1207.68 | 102.34 | 1.76 | 4.95 |
| Relative humidity | 22.75 | 70.98 | 10.16 | 0.36 | −0.47 |
| Illuminance | 0 | 1561.60 | 117.97 | 2.53 | 16.83 |
| Occupant counts | 0 | 80 | 6.83 | 3.20 | 15.82 |
| Enter door 1 | 0 | 19 | 0.47 | 11.26 | 211.68 |
| Exit door 1 | 0 | 14 | 0.44 | 9.33 | 126.36 |
| Enter door 2 | 0 | 6 | 0.23 | 10.76 | 155.78 |
| Exit door 2 | 0 | 9 | 0.27 | 11.22 | 174.45 |
| Temperature | 15.70 | 24.70 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 1.76 |
| VAV damper position | 0% | 100% | 28.26 | 1.22 | 0.39 |
Metadata for each of the rooms.
| Room Name | Room type | Size of the room | Seating capacity | Volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Room 1 | lecture room | 139 m2 | 84 | 461.48 m3 |
| Room 2 | study zone | 125 m2 | 32 | 418.75 m3 |
| Room 3 | study zone | 125 m2 | 32 | 418.75 m3 |
Fig. 1Visual representation of the relationships defined on each room. All rooms are attached to the same building, but no two rooms are served by the same AHU nor VAV damper position. Note the omission of floors between the rooms and the building.
Sensor streams monitoring indoor conditions. For the upsampled version of the dataset. Short names used in the table: Spatial attribute (SA), Temporal attribute (TA), Topological reference (TR), Sampling Interval (SI), Data Source (DS), and Quantitative (Q).
| Categories of measured data | Subcateg-ories of measured data | Specific variables measured | Measured value | Data type | Unit | SA/TR | TA/SI | DS/Categ-ory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indoor conditions | Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | ppm | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | ppm | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Indoor Air Quality | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | ppm | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − Air Temperature | 1 | Q | celsius | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − Air Temperature | 1 | Q | celsius | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − Air Temperature | 1 | Q | celsius | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | % | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | % | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | % | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Hygro-thermal | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | lux | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Visual | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | lux | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Indoor conditions | Visual | Indoor Air Quality − CO2 concentration | 1 | Q | lux | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
Sensor streams monitoring inhabitants. For the upsampled version of the dataset. Short names used in the table: Spatial attribute (SA), Temporal attribute (TA), Topological reference (TR), Sampling Interval (SI), Data Source (DS), and Quantitative (Q).
| Categories of measured data | Subcateg-ories of measured data | Specific variables measured | Measured value | Data type | Unit | SA/TR | TA/SI | DS/Categ-ory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − 3D Camera-based occupancy | 1 | Q | persons | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position – 3D Camera-based occupancy | 1 | Q | persons | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − 3D Camera-based occupancy | 1 | Q | persons | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 1 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Inhabitants | Position | Position − Enter door 2 | 1 | Q | persons | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
Sensor streams monitoring control systems. For the upsampled version of the dataset. Short names used in the table: Spatial attribute (SA), Temporal attribute (TA), Topological reference (TR), Sampling Interval (SI), Data Source (DS), and Quantitative (Q).
| Categories of measured data | Subcateg-ories of measured data | Specific variables measured | Measured value | Data type | Unit | SA/TR | TA/SI | DS/Categ-ory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control systems/devices | Ventilation | Ventilation–Damper position (per room) | 1 | Q | % | Room 1 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Control systems/devices | Ventilation | Ventilation –Damper position (per room) | 1 | Q | % | Room 2 | 1 min | Sensor |
| Control systems/devices | Ventilation | Ventilation –Damper position (per room) | 1 | Q | % | Room 3 | 1 min | Sensor |
Fig. 2The relationship between the number of occupants, the VAV damper openness of the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, and the CO2 conditions, in room 1 on the day with the DayId of 9.
Fig. 3Daily CO2 concentrations profiles for the three test rooms. The gray lines are daily profiles, the black line is the average daily profile.
Fig. 5Daily damper poisons profiles for the three test rooms. The gray lines are daily profiles, the black line is the average daily profile.
Fig. 6Daily illuminance profiles for the three test rooms. The gray lines are daily profiles, the black line is the average daily profile.
Fig. 7Daily relative humidity profiles for the three test rooms. The gray lines are daily profiles, the black line is the average daily profile.
Fig. 8Daily temperature profiles for the three test rooms. The gray lines are daily profiles, the black line is the average daily profile.
| Measurement(s) | carbon dioxide • humidity • visible light energy • occupant count • temperature of air • indoor airflow |
| Technology Type(s) | sensor • digital camera • damper position |
| Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens |
| Sample Characteristic - Environment | office building |
| Sample Characteristic - Location | Kingdom of Denmark |
Summary statistics for the upsampled streams in Room 2.
| Sensor | Min value | Max value | Standard deviation | Skew | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 405.76 | 1160.96 | 81.72 | 2.01 | 5.86 |
| Relative humidity | 22.75 | 75.68 | 10.10 | 0.56 | −0.04 |
| Illuminance | 0 | 2005.76 | 165.12 | 4.10 | 30.29 |
| Occupant counts | 0 | 65 | 6.47 | 2.38 | 7.54 |
| Enter door 1 | 0 | 8 | 0.29 | 9.92 | 135.57 |
| Exit door 1 | 0 | 14 | 0.33 | 10.76 | 176.40 |
| Enter door 2 | 0 | 12 | 0.43 | 8.79 | 108.80 |
| Exit door 2 | 0 | 12 | 0.42 | 8.95 | 113.54 |
| Temperature | 17.30 | 26.50 | 1.18 | 0.71 | 1.34 |
| VAV damper position | 0% | 100% | 17.79 | 1.51 | 1.41 |