Nir Shimony1,2,3,4, George I Jallo1,2. 1. Johns Hopkins University and Medicine, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida. 2. Johns Hopkins University School of medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Geisinger Commonwealth school of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Danville, Pennsylvania. 4. Temple University, Lewis Katz Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.