Influence of inertance on measurements of the mechanical properties of the bovine respiratory system.

The observation that dynamic compliance (Cdyn) tended to rise with respiratory frequency (f) in adult cattle led us to reassess the importance of inertial pressures in measuring Cdyn in large animals. Five healthy Friesian cows were selected for their ability to show an increase of f without significant change in tidal volume (VT). Dynamic compliance was measured three times, both at the resting f (21 +/- 1 cpm), and at higher f (49 +/- 3 cpm), obtained by an artificial increase in the dead space of the breathing mask. Frequency-response characteristics of the measuring instruments were matched up to 12 Hz. The inertia of the lungs and gas stream (In) was calculated as the ratio of the accelerative pressure change to the simultaneous change in volume acceleration. Inertance was also estimated from the dimensions of the bovine airways and from the relative linear flow velocities reported by Rohrer (1915). Dynamic compliance measured during rapid breathing was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.01) than base-line values. Dynamic compliance was strongly correlated with f (r = +0.96). Measured and estimated In were 0.002 and 0.003 kPa.sec2.L-1 respectively. Dynamic compliance did not differ significantly from base-line values when it was corrected for the estimated inertance effect.