Mathijs Drummen1, Lea Tischmann1, Blandine Gatta-Cherifi2, Mikael Fogelholm3, Anne Raben4, Tanja C Adam1, Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga1. 1. Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. 2. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 3. Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Weight loss has been associated with adaptations in energy expenditure. Identifying factors that counteract these adaptations are important for long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased protein/carbohydrate ratio would reduce adaptive thermogenesis (AT) and the expected positive energy balance (EB) during weight maintenance after weight loss in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. METHODS: In 38 participants, the effects of 2 diets differing in protein/carbohydrate ratio on energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed during 48-h respiration chamber measurements ∼34 mo after weight loss. Participants consumed a high-protein (HP) diet (n = 20; 13 women/7 men; age: 64.0 ± 6.2 y; BMI: 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m 2) with 25:45:30% or a moderate-protein (MP) diet (n = 18; 9 women/9 men; age: 65.1 ± 5.8 y; BMI: 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m 2) with 15:55:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Predicted resting energy expenditure (REEp) was calculated based on fat-free mass and fat mass. AT was assessed by subtracting measured resting energy expenditure (REE) from REEp. The main outcomes included differences in components of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and AT between groups. RESULTS: EB (MP = 0.2 ± 0.9 MJ/d; HP = -0.5 ± 0.9 MJ/d) and RQ (MP = 0.84 ± 0.02; HP = 0.82 ± 0.02) were reduced and REE (MP: 7.3 ± 0.2 MJ/d compared with HP: 7.8 ± 0.2 MJ/d) was increased in the HP group compared with the MP group (P < 0.05). REE was not different from REEp in the HP group, whereas REE was lower than REEp in the MP group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EB was positively related to AT (rs = 0.74; P < 0.001) and RQ (rs = 0.47; P < 0.01) in the whole group of participants. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, an HP diet compared with an MP diet led to a negative EB and counteracted AT ∼34 mo after weight loss, in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. These results indicate the relevance of compliance to an increased protein/carbohydrate ratio for long-term weight maintenance after weight loss. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893.
BACKGROUND:Weight loss has been associated with adaptations in energy expenditure. Identifying factors that counteract these adaptations are important for long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased protein/carbohydrate ratio would reduce adaptive thermogenesis (AT) and the expected positive energy balance (EB) during weight maintenance after weight loss in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. METHODS: In 38 participants, the effects of 2 diets differing in protein/carbohydrate ratio on energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed during 48-h respiration chamber measurements ∼34 mo after weight loss. Participants consumed a high-protein (HP) diet (n = 20; 13 women/7 men; age: 64.0 ± 6.2 y; BMI: 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m 2) with 25:45:30% or a moderate-protein (MP) diet (n = 18; 9 women/9 men; age: 65.1 ± 5.8 y; BMI: 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m 2) with 15:55:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Predicted resting energy expenditure (REEp) was calculated based on fat-free mass and fat mass. AT was assessed by subtracting measured resting energy expenditure (REE) from REEp. The main outcomes included differences in components of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and AT between groups. RESULTS:EB (MP = 0.2 ± 0.9 MJ/d; HP = -0.5 ± 0.9 MJ/d) and RQ (MP = 0.84 ± 0.02; HP = 0.82 ± 0.02) were reduced and REE (MP: 7.3 ± 0.2 MJ/d compared with HP: 7.8 ± 0.2 MJ/d) was increased in the HP group compared with the MP group (P < 0.05). REE was not different from REEp in the HP group, whereas REE was lower than REEp in the MP group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EB was positively related to AT (rs = 0.74; P < 0.001) and RQ (rs = 0.47; P < 0.01) in the whole group of participants. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, an HP diet compared with an MP diet led to a negative EB and counteracted AT ∼34 mo after weight loss, in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. These results indicate the relevance of compliance to an increased protein/carbohydrate ratio for long-term weight maintenance after weight loss. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893.
Authors: Lea Tischmann; Mathijs Drummen; Peter J Joris; Blandine Gatta-Cherifi; Anne Raben; Mikael Fogelholm; Isabelle Matias; Daniela Cota; Ronald P Mensink; Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga; Tanja C Adam Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-05-22 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Ruixin Zhu; Mikael Fogelholm; Thomas M Larsen; Sally D Poppitt; Marta P Silvestre; Pia S Vestentoft; Elli Jalo; Santiago Navas-Carretero; Maija Huttunen-Lenz; Moira A Taylor; Gareth Stratton; Nils Swindell; Niina E Kaartinen; Tony Lam; Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska; Svetoslav Handjiev; Wolfgang Schlicht; J Alfredo Martinez; Radhika V Seimon; Amanda Sainsbury; Ian A Macdonald; Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga; Jennie Brand-Miller; Anne Raben Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2021-06-01