Wen-Yu Hsiao1, David A Guertin2. 1. Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. 2. Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. David.Guertin@umassmed.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although adipose tissue allows storage of excess calories in periods of overnutrition, in obesity, adipose tissue metabolism becomes dysregulated and can promote metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understandings how adipocyte metabolism impacts metabolic homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS: The ability of adipocytes to synthesize lipids from glucose is a marker of metabolic fitness, e.g., low de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipocytes correlates with insulin resistance in obesity. Adipocyte DNL may promote synthesis of special "insulin sensitizing" signaling lipids that act hormonally. However, each metabolic intermediate in the DNL pathway (i.e., citrate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitate) also has second messenger functions. Mounting evidence suggests these signaling functions may also be important for maintaining healthy adipocytes. While adipocyte DNL contributes to lipid storage, lipid precursors may have additional second messenger functions critical for maintaining adipocyte health, and thus systemic metabolic homeostasis.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although adipose tissue allows storage of excess calories in periods of overnutrition, in obesity, adipose tissue metabolism becomes dysregulated and can promote metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understandings how adipocyte metabolism impacts metabolic homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS: The ability of adipocytes to synthesize lipids from glucose is a marker of metabolic fitness, e.g., low de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipocytes correlates with insulin resistance in obesity. Adipocyte DNL may promote synthesis of special "insulin sensitizing" signaling lipids that act hormonally. However, each metabolic intermediate in the DNL pathway (i.e., citrate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitate) also has second messenger functions. Mounting evidence suggests these signaling functions may also be important for maintaining healthy adipocytes. While adipocyte DNL contributes to lipid storage, lipid precursors may have additional second messenger functions critical for maintaining adipocyte health, and thus systemic metabolic homeostasis.
Authors: K Verboven; K Wouters; K Gaens; D Hansen; M Bijnen; S Wetzels; C D Stehouwer; G H Goossens; C G Schalkwijk; E E Blaak; J W Jocken Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-03-16 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Ann Hammarstedt; Ismail Syed; Archana Vijayakumar; Björn Eliasson; Silvia Gogg; Barbara B Kahn; Ulf Smith Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 4.379