| Literature DB >> 31736522 |
Ayoola Aiyegbusi1, Bidemi Tella1, Chukwuebuka Okeke1.
Abstract
Objective The present study determined the pattern of presentation and severity of patellar tendinopathy (PT) and its relationship with selected biomechanical variables in elite athletes. Methods The study involved 98 elite Nigerian basketball and volleyball players aged between 18 and 35 years. Clinical tests and ultrasound imaging were used to divide the participants into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Standard procedures were used to assess the quadriceps angle (Q-angle), tibial torsion, ankle dorsiflexion, hamstring flexibility, and foot posture. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Questionnaire, Patellar Tendon (VISA-P) was used to assess the severity of the symptoms. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a post hoc analysis and Pearson correlation with significance level set at p < 0.05 were also performed. Results Significantly lower sit-and-reach scores ( p = 0.01), increased foot posture index score ( p = 0.01) and reduced ankle dorsiflexion range ( p = 0.03) were found in participants of both sexes with symptomatic PT. Higher Q-angles ( p = 0.02) in males and tibial torsion angles ( p = 0.001) in females were also found in the symptomatic PT groups. Symptom severity was significantly higher in the group with clinical symptoms only ( p = 0.042), and it was significantly correlated with hamstring flexibility in both males (r = -0.618) and females (r = -0.664). Conclusion Reduced hamstring flexibility, increased foot pronation and reduced ankle dorsiflexion range were significant in participants with symptomatic PT.Entities:
Keywords: athletic injuries; basketball; biomechanical phenomena; patella; tendinopathy; volleyball
Year: 2019 PMID: 31736522 PMCID: PMC6855925 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693743
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Pattern of presentation of patellar tendinopathy in relation with type of sport and gender
| Variables | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General occurrence | ||||||
| Frequency/number | 16 | 54 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 98 | |
| Percentage | 16.3 | 55.1 | 13.3 | 15.3 | 100 | |
| Occurrence per gender | ||||||
| Male | Frequency/number | 12 | 31 | 10 | 10 | 63 |
| Percentage | 19 | 49.2 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 100 | |
| Female | Frequency/number | 4 | 23 | 3 | 5 | 35 |
| Percentage | 11.4 | 65.7 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 100 | |
| Occurrence per type of sport | ||||||
| Basketball | Frequency/number | 8 | 27 | 5 | 13 | 53 |
| Percentage | 15.1 | 50.9 | 9.4 | 24.5 | 100 | |
| Volleyball | Frequency/number | 8 | 27 | 8 | 2 | 45 |
| Percentage | 17.8 | 60.0 | 17.8 | 4.4 | 100 | |
Notes: Group A = ultrasonographic features of tendinopathy without clinical symptoms.
Group B = no ultrasonographic features or clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Analysis of selected lower limb biomechanical variables across the different groups of patellar tendinopathy in male participants using analysis of variance
| Variables | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | f-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
| 12.30 ± 2.35 | 11.27 ± 1.60 | 15.20 ± 1.75 | 14.40 ± 2.22 | 14.633 |
0.020
|
|
| 18.83 ± 0.94 | 19.65 ± 1.50 | 17.40 ± 0.84 | 18.10 ± 1.60 | 8.559 |
0.010
|
|
| 3.88 ± 2.03 | 3.29 ± 2.45 | 8.10 ± 2.85 | 7.10 ± 2.88 | 9.418 |
0.010
|
|
| 18.08 ± 2.02 | 18.45 ± 1.23 | 13.50 ± 1.08 | 14.30 ± 1.89 | 6.539 |
0.000
|
|
| 20.25 ± 5.74 | 17.18 ± 2.90 | 26.70 ± 3.97 | 27.60 ± 3.65 | 1.356 | 0.383 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
Notes: * significant at p ˂ 0.05; f-value should be close to 1.0 if the null hypothesis is true. A large f-value shows the Null hypothesis is false.
Group A = ultrasonographic features of tendinopathy without clinical symptoms.
Group B = no ultrasonographic features or clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Post hoc analysis of significant differences in biomechanical variables in male participants using the least significant difference
| Q-angle | Hamstring flexibility | Foot posture | Ankle dorsiflexion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups |
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
|
| −3.93 (0.000)* | −4.81 (0.00)* | 4.95 (0.000)* | 2.245 (0.000)* |
|
| −3.13 (0.000)* | 1.545 (0.002)* | −3.81 (0.001)* | 4.15 (0.000)* |
|
| −2.91 (0.011)* | 1.433 (0.015)* | −4.23 (0.001)* | 4.58 (0.000)* |
|
| −2.11 (0.011)* | 0.733 (0.206) | −3.23 (0.013)* | 3.78 (0.000)* |
|
| 1.0175 (0.117) | 0.812 (0.08) | 0.59 (0.560) | 0.87 (0.474) |
|
| 0.80 (0.346) | −0.700(0.248) | −1.00 (0.449) | 0.80 (0.239) |
Notes: *significant at p ˂ 0.05.
Group A = ultrasonographic features of tendinopathy without clinical symptoms.
Group B = no ultrasonographic features or clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Differences in the measured values of selected lower limb biomechanical variables across the different groups of patellar tendinopathy in female participants using analysis of variance
| Variables | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | f-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
| 15.25 ± 3.60 | 14.48 ± 3.08 | 18.00 ± 2.00 | 17.76 ± 2.97 | 2.274 | 0.100 |
|
| 20.5 ± 0.58 | 21.22 ± 1.51 | 19.67 ± 2.52 | 18.60 ± 1.52 | 4.457 |
0.010
|
|
| 4.50 ± 1.52 | 3.33 ± 1.77 | 9.00 ± 1.00 | 7.40 ± 1.88 | 11.296 |
0.010
|
|
| 18.00 ± 1.00 | 18.41 ± 1.32 | 15.33 ± 0.58 | 13.20 ± 1.64 | 6.147 |
0.030
|
|
| 17.75 ± 2.35 | 16.78 ± 3.32 | 26.33 ± 2.77 | 24.40 ± 3.07 | 7.753 |
0.001
|
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
Notes: *significant at p ˂ 0.05.
Group A = ultrasonographic features of tendinopathy without clinical symptoms.
Group B = no ultrasonographic features or clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Post hoc analysis using the least significant difference to determine significant differences in biomechanical variables in the female participants
| Hamstring flexibility | Foot posture | Ankle dorsiflexion | Tibial torsion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups |
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
Mean difference (
|
|
| 1.55 (0.109) | 3.08 (0.000)* | −5.67 (0.000)* | −9.56 (0.001)* |
|
| 2.62 (0.002)* | −4.07 (0.000)* | 5.21 (0.000)* | −7.62 (0.001)* |
|
| 0.83 (0.482) | −4.50 (0.04)* | 2.67 (0.01)* | −8.58 (0.013)* |
|
| 1.90 (0.074)* | −2.90 (0.038)* | 4.80 (0.000)* | −6.65 (0.027)* |
|
| 0.72 (0.394) | 1.1739 (0.285) | −0.41 (0.552) | 0.97 (0.679) |
|
| 1.067 (0.348) | 1.60 (0.280) | −2.13 (0.028)* | 1.93 (0.540) |
Notes: *significant at p ˂ 0.05.
Group A = ultrasonographic features of tendinopathy without clinical symptoms.
Group B = no ultrasonographic features or clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = Clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Comparison of severity of symptoms between the two symptomatic groups (groups C and D) using the independent t -test
| Variables | Group C | Group D |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
|
| 72 ± 0.14 | 79 ± 2.96 | 1.876 | 0.077 |
|
| 78 ± 1.05 | 80 ± 1.55 | 0.527 | 0.617 |
|
| 73 ± 1.60 | 79 ± 2.35 | 2.07 |
0.04
|
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
Notes: *significant at p ˂ 0.05.
Group C = ultrasonographic features and clinical symptoms of tendinopathy.
Group D = clinical symptoms of tendinopathy only.
Relationship between severity of symptoms and the selected lower limb biomechanical variables using the Pearson correlation coefficient
| Variables | Q-angle | Hamstrings flexibility | Foot posture | Ankle dorsiflexion | Tibial torsion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
|
|
| 0.03 | −0.618 | −0.130 | −0.003 | 0.018 |
|
| 0.899 | 0.021 ∗ | 0.585 | 0.991 | 0.939 | |
|
|
| 0.159 | −0.664 | −0.525 | −0.425 | −0.120 |
|
| 0.706 | 0.042 ∗ | 0.181 | 0.294 | 0.778 |
significant at p < 0.05
Padrão de apresentação da tendinopatia patelar em relação ao tipo de envolvimento esportivo e gênero
| Variáveis | Grupo A | Grupo B | Grupo C | Grupo D | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocorrência geral | ||||||
| Frequência/número | 16 | 54 | 13,0 | 15,0 | 98 | |
| Porcentagem | 16,3 | 55,1 | 13,3 | 15,3 | 100 | |
| Ocorrência por gênero | ||||||
| Masculino | Frequência/número | 12 | 31 | 10 | 10 | 63 |
| Porcentagem | 19 | 49,2 | 15,9 | 15,9 | 100 | |
| Feminino | Frequência/número | 4 | 23 | 3 | 5 | 35 |
| Porcentagem | 11,4 | 65,7 | 8,6 | 14,3 | 100 | |
| Ocorrência por esporte | ||||||
| Basquete | Frequência/número | 8 | 27 | 5 | 13 | 53 |
| Porcentagem | 15,1 | 50,9 | 9,4 | 24,5 | 100 | |
| Voleibol | Frequência/número | 8 | 27 | 8 | 2 | 45 |
| Porcentagem | 17,8 | 60,0 | 17,8 | 4,4 | 100 | |
Notas: Grupo A = características ultrassonográficas da tendinopatia sem sintomas clínicos.
Grupo B = sem características ultrassonográficas ou sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo C = (características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Análise das variáveis biomecânicas selecionadas dos membros inferiores nos diferentes grupos de tendinopatia patelar, em participantes do sexo masculino, usando análise de variância
| Variáveis | Grupo A | Grupo B | Grupo C | Grupo D | valor de f |
Valor de
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
| 12,30 ± 2,35 | 11,27 ± 1,60 | 15,20 ± 1,75 | 14,40 ± 2,22 | 14,633 |
0,020
|
|
| 18,83 ± 0,94 | 19,65 ± 1,50 | 17,40 ± 0,84 | 18,10 ± 1,60 | 8,559 |
0,010
|
|
| 3,88 ± 2,03 | 3,29 ± 2,45 | 8,10 ± 2,85 | 7,10 ± 2,88 | 9,418 |
0,010
|
|
| 18,08 ± 2,02 | 18,45 ± 1,23 | 13,50 ± 1,08 | 14,30 ± 1,89 | 6,539 |
0,000
|
|
| 20,25 ± 5,74 | 17,18 ± 2,90 | 26,70 ± 3,97 | 27,60 ± 3,65 | 1,356 | 0,383 |
Abreviatura: DP, desvio padrão.
Notas: *significativo em p < 0,05; O valor f deve ser próximo de 1,0 se a hipótese nula for verdadeira. Um valor f grande mostra que a hipótese nula é falsa.
Grupo A = características ultrassonográficas da tendinopatia sem sintomas clínicos.
Grupo B = sem características ultrassonográficas ou sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo C = características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Análise post hoc de diferenças significativas em variáveis biomecânicas em participantes masculinos usando a diferença mínima significativa (DSM)
| Ângulo Q | Flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais | Postura | Dorsiflexão do tornozelo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| −3,93 (0,000)* | −4,81 (0,00)* | 4,95 (0,000)* | 2,245 (0,000)* |
|
| −3,13 (0,000)* | 1,545 (0,002)* | −3,81 (0,001)* | 4,15 (0,000)* |
|
| −2,91 (0,011)* | 1,433 (0,015)* | −4,23 (0,001)* | 4,58 (0,000)* |
|
| −2,11 (0,011)* | 0,733 (0,206) | −3,23 (0,013)* | 3,78 (0,000)* |
|
| 1,0175 (0,117) | 0,812 (0,08) | 0,59 (0,560) | 0,87 (0,474) |
|
| 0,80 (0,346) | −0,700(0,248) | −1,00 (0,449) | 0,80 (0,239) |
Notas: *significativo em p < 0,05.
Grupo A = características ultrassonográficas da tendinopatia sem sintomas clínicos.
Grupo B = sem características ultrassonográficas ou sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo C = características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Diferenças nos valores medidos de variáveis biomecânicas selecionadas dos membros inferiores nos diferentes grupos de tendinopatia patelar, em participantes do sexo feminino, usando análise de variância
| Variáveis | Grupo A | Grupo B | Grupo C | Grupo D | Valor de f |
Valor de
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Média ± DP | Média ± DP | Média ± DP | Média ± DP | |||
|
| 15,25 ± 3,60 | 14,48 ± 3,08 | 18,00 ± 2,00 | 17,76 ± 2,97 | 2,274 | 0,100 |
|
| 20,5 ± 0,58 | 21,22 ± 1,51 | 19,67 ± 2,52 | 18,60 ± 1,52 | 4,457 |
0,010
|
|
| 4,50 ± 1,52 | 3,33 ± 1,77 | 9,00 ± 1,00 | 7,40 ± 1,88 | 11,296 |
0,010
|
|
| 18,00 ± 1,00 | 18,41 ± 1,32 | 15,33 ± 0,58 | 13,20 ± 1,64 | 6,147 |
0,030
|
|
| 17,75 ± 2,35 | 16,78 ± 3,32 | 26,33 ± 2,77 | 24,40 ± 3,07 | 7,753 |
0,001
|
Abreviatura: DP, desvio padrão.
Notas: *significativo em p < 0,05.
Grupo A = características ultrassonográficas da tendinopatia sem sintomas clínicos.
Grupo B = sem características ultrassonográficas ou sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo C = características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Análise post hoc usando a diferença mínima significativa (DMS) para determinar diferenças significativas nas variáveis biomecânicas nos participantes do sexo feminino
| Flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais | Postura do pé | Dorsiflexão do tornozelo | Torção tibial | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grupos |
Diferença média (valor de
|
Diferença média (valor de
|
Diferença média (valor de
|
Diferença média (valor de
|
|
| 1,55 (0,109) | 3,08 (0,000)* | −5,67 (0,000)* | −9,56 (0,001)* |
|
| 2,62 (0,002)* | −4,07 (0,000)* | 5,21 (0,000)* | −7,62 (0,001)* |
|
| 0,83 (0,482) | −4,50 (0,04)* | 2,67 (0,01)* | −8,58 (0,013)* |
|
| 1,90 (0,074)* | −2,90 (0,038)* | 4,80 (0,000)* | −6,65 (0,027)* |
|
| 0,72 (0,394) | 1,1739 (0,285) | −0,41 (0,552) | 0,97 (0,679) |
|
| 1,067 (0,348) | 1,60 (0,280) | −2,13 (0,028)* | 1,93 (0,540) |
Notas: *significativo em p < 0,05.
Grupo A = características ultrassonográficas da tendinopatia sem sintomas clínicos.
Grupo B = sem características ultrassonográficas ou sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo C = características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Comparação da gravidade dos sintomas entre os dois grupos sintomáticos (grupos C e D) usando o teste t independente
| Variáveis | Grupo C | Grupo D |
Valor de
|
Valor de
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
| |||
|
| 72 ± 0,14 | 79 ± 2,96 | 1,876 | 0,077 |
|
| 78 ± 1,05 | 80 ± 1,55 | 0,527 | 0,617 |
|
| 73 ± 1,60 | 79 ± 2,35 | 2,07 |
0,04
|
Abreviatura: DP, desvio padrão.
Notas: Grupo C = características ultrassonográficas e sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Grupo D = somente sintomas clínicos de tendinopatia.
Relação entre a gravidade dos sintomas e as variáveis biomecânicas selecionadas dos membros inferiores utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson
| Variáveis | Âgulo-Q | Flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais | Postura do pé | Dorsiflexão do tornozelo | Torção tibial | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
|
|
| 0.03 | −0.618 | −0.130 | −0.003 | 0.018 |
|
| 0.899 | 0.021 ∗ | 0.585 | 0.991 | 0.939 | |
|
|
| 0.159 | −0.664 | −0.525 | −0.425 | −0.120 |
|
| 0.706 | 0.042* | 0.181 | 0.294 | 0.778 |
significativo em p < 0,05.