Driving in Parkinson Disease.

Driving is impaired in most patients with Parkinson disease because of motor, cognitive, and visual dysfunction. Driving impairments in Parkinson disease may increase the risk of crashes and result in early driving cessation with loss of independence. Drivers with Parkinson disease should undergo comprehensive evaluations to determine fitness to drive with periodic follow-up evaluations as needed. Research in rehabilitation of driving and automation to maintain independence of patients with Parkinson disease is in progress. Published by Elsevier Inc.