A O Sagna1, M L S Kemp2, D M DiNitto3, N G Choi4. 1. The University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing, USA. Electronic address: asagna@utexas.edu. 2. Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of Public Health Statistics, USA. 3. The University of Texas at Austin, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, USA. 4. The University of Texas at Austin, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, USA. Electronic address: nchoi@austin.utexas.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined (1) potential differences in life expectancy when suicide as a cause of death was discounted and (2) suicide's contributions to changes in life expectancy by age group and sex. METHODS: Data were from the 2011 and 2015 National Violent Death Reporting System on all suicide decedents aged 10 years or older in 17 US states. Life tables were constructed based on the total population and all-cause mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Differences in life expectancy were calculated using Arriaga's decomposition method. RESULTS: The numbers of suicide deaths in both 2011 and 2015 were 3-4 times higher among males than females in all age groups. The highest impact for both males and females was in the 55-64 age group, with changes in life expectancy of 1.64 years in 2011 and 1.60 years in 2015 for men, and 1.30 years in 2011 and 1.27 years in 2015 for women. Between 2011 and 2015, the percent change in suicide mortality rates for all age groups was 7.44% in males and 15.72% in females. However, the groups that negatively impacted changes in life expectancy due to significant increases in suicide mortality were males aged 25-34 (22.80%) and 55-64 (15.45%) and females aged 15-19 (34.74%) and 55-64 (23.15%). Eliminating suicide as a cause of death would have increased life expectancy at birth by 1.92 years for males and 1.36 years for females from 2011 to 2015. CONCLUSIONS: This study updates information on suicide and adds to calls for more effective suicide prevention efforts, especially for older adolescent girls, young men, and middle-aged men and women.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined (1) potential differences in life expectancy when suicide as a cause of death was discounted and (2) suicide's contributions to changes in life expectancy by age group and sex. METHODS: Data were from the 2011 and 2015 National Violent Death Reporting System on all suicide decedents aged 10 years or older in 17 US states. Life tables were constructed based on the total population and all-cause mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Differences in life expectancy were calculated using Arriaga's decomposition method. RESULTS: The numbers of suicide deaths in both 2011 and 2015 were 3-4 times higher among males than females in all age groups. The highest impact for both males and females was in the 55-64 age group, with changes in life expectancy of 1.64 years in 2011 and 1.60 years in 2015 for men, and 1.30 years in 2011 and 1.27 years in 2015 for women. Between 2011 and 2015, the percent change in suicide mortality rates for all age groups was 7.44% in males and 15.72% in females. However, the groups that negatively impacted changes in life expectancy due to significant increases in suicide mortality were males aged 25-34 (22.80%) and 55-64 (15.45%) and females aged 15-19 (34.74%) and 55-64 (23.15%). Eliminating suicide as a cause of death would have increased life expectancy at birth by 1.92 years for males and 1.36 years for females from 2011 to 2015. CONCLUSIONS: This study updates information on suicide and adds to calls for more effective suicide prevention efforts, especially for older adolescent girls, young men, and middle-aged men and women.