Ali Teymoori1, Ruben Real2, Anastasia Gorbunova2, E F Haghish2, Nada Andelic3, Lindsay Wilson4, Thomas Asendorf5, David Menon6, Nicole von Steinbüchel2. 1. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Waldweg 37, Eingang A, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: ali.teymoori@uqconnect.edu.au. 2. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Waldweg 37, Eingang A, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. 3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. 5. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Waldweg 37, Eingang A, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Statistics, Medical Center, Georg August University of Göttingen, Germany. 6. Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge/Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) are two widely used instruments to screen patients for depression and anxiety. Comparable psychometric properties across different demographic and linguistic groups are necessary for multiple group comparison and international research on depression and anxiety. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD: We examine measurement invariance for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 by: (a) the sex of the participants, (b) recruitment stratum, and (c) linguistic background. This study is based on non-randomized observational data six months after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) that were collected in 18 countries. We used multiple methods to detect Differential Item Functioning (DIF) including Item Response Theory, logistic regression, and the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: At the 6-month post-injury, 2137 (738 [34.5%] women) participants completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires: 885 [41.4%] patients were primarily admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 805 [37.7%] were admitted to hospital ward, and 447 [20.9%] were evaluated in the Emergency Room and discharged. Results supported the invariance of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across sex, patient strata and linguistic background. For different strata three PHQ-9 items and one GAD-7 item and for different linguistic groups only two GAD-7 items were flagged as showing differences in two out of four DIF tests. However, the magnitude of the DIF effect was negligible. LIMITATION: Despite high number of participants from ICU, patients have mostly mild TBI. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for PHQ-9 and GAD-7, allowing direct multigroup comparison across sex, strata, and linguistic background.
BACKGROUND: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) are two widely used instruments to screen patients for depression and anxiety. Comparable psychometric properties across different demographic and linguistic groups are necessary for multiple group comparison and international research on depression and anxiety. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD: We examine measurement invariance for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 by: (a) the sex of the participants, (b) recruitment stratum, and (c) linguistic background. This study is based on non-randomized observational data six months after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) that were collected in 18 countries. We used multiple methods to detect Differential Item Functioning (DIF) including Item Response Theory, logistic regression, and the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: At the 6-month post-injury, 2137 (738 [34.5%] women) participants completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires: 885 [41.4%] patients were primarily admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 805 [37.7%] were admitted to hospital ward, and 447 [20.9%] were evaluated in the Emergency Room and discharged. Results supported the invariance of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across sex, patient strata and linguistic background. For different strata three PHQ-9 items and one GAD-7 item and for different linguistic groups only two GAD-7 items were flagged as showing differences in two out of four DIF tests. However, the magnitude of the DIF effect was negligible. LIMITATION: Despite high number of participants from ICU, patients have mostly mild TBI. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for PHQ-9 and GAD-7, allowing direct multigroup comparison across sex, strata, and linguistic background.
Authors: Nicole von Steinbuechel; Katrin Rauen; Fabian Bockhop; Amra Covic; Ugne Krenz; Anne Marie Plass; Katrin Cunitz; Suzanne Polinder; Lindsay Wilson; Ewout W Steyerberg; Andrew I R Maas; David Menon; Yi-Jhen Wu; Marina Zeldovich Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Fahmida Liza Piya; Sumaiya Amin; Anik Das; Muhammad Ashad Kabir Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 3.390