Gaohong Sheng1, Peng Chen2, Yanqiu Wei3, Huihui Yue3, Jiaojiao Chu3, Jianping Zhao3, Yihua Wang4, Wanguang Zhang5, Hui-Lan Zhang6. 1. Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 2. Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China. 3. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 4. Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 5. Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 6. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: huilanz_76@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis. Although many factors have been identified that possibly trigger or aggravate IPF, such as viral infection, the exact cause of IPF remains unclear. Until now, there has been no systematic review to assess the role of viral infection in IPF quantitatively. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to present a collective view on the relationship between viral infection and IPF. METHODS: We searched studies reporting the effect of viral infection on IPF in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases. We calculated ORs with 95% CIs to assess the risk of virus in IPF. We also estimated statistical heterogeneity by using I2 and Cochran Q tests and publication bias by using the funnel plot, Begg test, Egger test, and trim-and-fill methods. Regression, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of confounding factors, such as sex and age. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 case-control studies from 10 countries with 1,287 participants. The pooled OR of all viruses indicated that viral infection could increase the risk of IPF significantly (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.61-7.52; P = .001), but not that of exacerbation of IPF (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47-2.12; P = .988). All analyzed viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), were associated with a significant elevation in the risk of IPF, except human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of persistent or chronic, but not acute, viral infections, including EBV, CMV, HHV-7, and HHV-8, significantly increases the risk of developing IPF, but not exacerbation of IPF. These findings imply that viral infection could be a potential risk factor for IPF. Crown
BACKGROUND:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis. Although many factors have been identified that possibly trigger or aggravate IPF, such as viral infection, the exact cause of IPF remains unclear. Until now, there has been no systematic review to assess the role of viral infection in IPF quantitatively. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to present a collective view on the relationship between viral infection and IPF. METHODS: We searched studies reporting the effect of viral infection on IPF in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases. We calculated ORs with 95% CIs to assess the risk of virus in IPF. We also estimated statistical heterogeneity by using I2 and Cochran Q tests and publication bias by using the funnel plot, Begg test, Egger test, and trim-and-fill methods. Regression, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of confounding factors, such as sex and age. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 case-control studies from 10 countries with 1,287 participants. The pooled OR of all viruses indicated that viral infection could increase the risk of IPF significantly (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.61-7.52; P = .001), but not that of exacerbation of IPF (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47-2.12; P = .988). All analyzed viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), were associated with a significant elevation in the risk of IPF, except humanherpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of persistent or chronic, but not acute, viral infections, including EBV, CMV, HHV-7, and HHV-8, significantly increases the risk of developing IPF, but not exacerbation of IPF. These findings imply that viral infection could be a potential risk factor for IPF. Crown
Authors: Alessandro Liberati; Douglas G Altman; Jennifer Tetzlaff; Cynthia Mulrow; Peter C Gøtzsche; John P A Ioannidis; Mike Clarke; P J Devereaux; Jos Kleijnen; David Moher Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2009-07-21 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Harold R Collard; Christopher J Ryerson; Tamera J Corte; Gisli Jenkins; Yasuhiro Kondoh; David J Lederer; Joyce S Lee; Toby M Maher; Athol U Wells; Katerina M Antoniou; Juergen Behr; Kevin K Brown; Vincent Cottin; Kevin R Flaherty; Junya Fukuoka; David M Hansell; Takeshi Johkoh; Naftali Kaminski; Dong Soon Kim; Martin Kolb; David A Lynch; Jeffrey L Myers; Ganesh Raghu; Luca Richeldi; Hiroyuki Taniguchi; Fernando J Martinez Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2016-08-01 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Bridget D Stuart; Jungmin Choi; Samir Zaidi; Chao Xing; Brody Holohan; Rui Chen; Mihwa Choi; Pooja Dharwadkar; Fernando Torres; Carlos E Girod; Jonathan Weissler; John Fitzgerald; Corey Kershaw; Julia Klesney-Tait; Yolanda Mageto; Jerry W Shay; Weizhen Ji; Kaya Bilguvar; Shrikant Mane; Richard P Lifton; Christine Kim Garcia Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2015-04-13 Impact factor: 41.307
Authors: Lorenzo Zaffiri; Alex Long; Megan L Neely; Wida S Cherikh; Daniel C Chambers; Laurie D Snyder Journal: J Heart Lung Transplant Date: 2020-06-20 Impact factor: 10.247
Authors: Iain R Konigsberg; Raphael Borie; Avram D Walts; Jonathan Cardwell; Mauricio Rojas; Fabian Metzger; Stefanie M Hauck; Tasha E Fingerlin; Ivana V Yang; David A Schwartz Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Date: 2021-10 Impact factor: 7.748