Giacomo Coltro1, Mrinal M Patnaik2. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. patnaik.mrinal@mayo.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematological malignancy characterized by both dysplastic and proliferative features, with an inherent risk for leukemic transformation. With the help of this review, we aim to summarize key concepts with regards to CMML biology, diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS: Based on recent studies, CMML is hallmarked by a relatively low genetic complexity, which contrasts with a compelling phenotypical heterogeneity, largely driven by epigenetic mechanisms. Recent advances in the characterization of CMML biology has led to an improvement in risk-stratification, by means of incorporating prognostically relevant gene mutations. This, however, has not significantly impacted available therapies and outcomes continue to remain poor. Advances in CMML biology have better explained the phenotypic heterogeneity, while continuing to define the genetic and epigenetic landscape. In spite of recent advances, limited effective therapies exist and developing rationally derived therapeutic approaches is much needed.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematological malignancy characterized by both dysplastic and proliferative features, with an inherent risk for leukemic transformation. With the help of this review, we aim to summarize key concepts with regards to CMML biology, diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS: Based on recent studies, CMML is hallmarked by a relatively low genetic complexity, which contrasts with a compelling phenotypical heterogeneity, largely driven by epigenetic mechanisms. Recent advances in the characterization of CMML biology has led to an improvement in risk-stratification, by means of incorporating prognostically relevant gene mutations. This, however, has not significantly impacted available therapies and outcomes continue to remain poor. Advances in CMML biology have better explained the phenotypic heterogeneity, while continuing to define the genetic and epigenetic landscape. In spite of recent advances, limited effective therapies exist and developing rationally derived therapeutic approaches is much needed.
Authors: Mrinal M Patnaik; Emnet A Wassie; Terra L Lasho; Curtis A Hanson; Rhett Ketterling; Ayalew Tefferi Journal: Am J Hematol Date: 2015-04-01 Impact factor: 10.047
Authors: Lewis R Silverman; Erin P Demakos; Bercedis L Peterson; Alice B Kornblith; Jimmie C Holland; Rosalie Odchimar-Reissig; Richard M Stone; Douglas Nelson; Bayard L Powell; Carlos M DeCastro; John Ellerton; Richard A Larson; Charles A Schiffer; James F Holland Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2002-05-15 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Pierre Fenaux; Ghulam J Mufti; Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg; Valeria Santini; Carlo Finelli; Aristoteles Giagounidis; Robert Schoch; Norbert Gattermann; Guillermo Sanz; Alan List; Steven D Gore; John F Seymour; John M Bennett; John Byrd; Jay Backstrom; Linda Zimmerman; David McKenzie; Cl Beach; Lewis R Silverman Journal: Lancet Oncol Date: 2009-02-21 Impact factor: 41.316
Authors: Nicolaus Kröger; Tatjana Zabelina; Philipe Guardiola; Volker Runde; Jorge Sierra; Anja Van Biezen; Dietger Niederwieser; Axel R Zander; Theo De Witte Journal: Br J Haematol Date: 2002-07 Impact factor: 6.998
Authors: Mrinal M Patnaik; Terra L Lasho; Christy M Finke; Curtis A Hanson; Janice M Hodnefield; Ryan A Knudson; Rhett P Ketterling; Animesh Pardanani; Ayalew Tefferi Journal: Am J Hematol Date: 2013-01-18 Impact factor: 10.047
Authors: Argiris Symeonidis; Anja van Biezen; Liesbeth de Wreede; Alfonso Piciocchi; Juergen Finke; Dietrich Beelen; Martin Bornhäuser; Jan Cornelissen; Liisa Volin; Ghulam Mufti; Yves Chalandon; Arnold Ganser; Benedetto Bruno; Dietger Niederwieser; Guido Kobbe; Rainer Schwerdtfeger; Theo de Witte; Marie Robin; Nicolaus Kröger Journal: Br J Haematol Date: 2015-07-26 Impact factor: 6.998
Authors: Yanbo Nie; Liang Shao; Hong Zhang; Colin K He; Hongyu Li; Junyan Zou; Long Chen; Huaiyue Ji; Hao Tan; Yani Lin; Kun Ru Journal: Exp Hematol Oncol Date: 2022-05-24