Jesica Oktaviana1, Jesse Zanker2, Sara Vogrin2, Gustavo Duque3. 1. Melbourne Medical School - Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia. 2. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia. 3. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: gustavo.duque@unimelb.edu.au.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of protein supplementation in attenuating loss of muscle mass, strength and function in community-dwelling older people has been promising, however, its benefits in pre-frail and frail older people remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in frail older people by reviewing and conducting meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DESIGN: This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017079276) and conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Using a pre-determined e-search strategy, we searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were RCTs that assessed the effect of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in frail individuals aged ≥65 years. The main outcomes were lean body mass (LBM), handgrip, leg extension, leg press strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, and gait velocity. RESULTS: Of the eight studies included in this review, 503 subjects were enrolled and four different protein supplements were assessed. Despite the variation in methodology, studies were homogenous with I-squared <10.0%. The meta-analysis showed no significant effect of protein supplementation on LBM (mean difference 1.17 kg, 95% CI: -1.97-4.3), handgrip (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI: -0.95-1.24), leg extension (mean difference -3.68 kg, 95% CI: -12.72-5.36), leg press (mean standardized difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: -0.30-0.82), SPPB (mean difference 0.61, 95% CI: -0.02-1.23), or gait velocity (mean difference -0.20 m/s, 95% CI: -0.95-0.55). CONCLUSION: Protein supplementation alone does not significantly improve muscle mass, strength or function in pre-frail or frail older people.
BACKGROUND: The effect of protein supplementation in attenuating loss of muscle mass, strength and function in community-dwelling older people has been promising, however, its benefits in pre-frail and frail older people remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in frail older people by reviewing and conducting meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DESIGN: This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017079276) and conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Using a pre-determined e-search strategy, we searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were RCTs that assessed the effect of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in frail individuals aged ≥65 years. The main outcomes were lean body mass (LBM), handgrip, leg extension, leg press strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, and gait velocity. RESULTS: Of the eight studies included in this review, 503 subjects were enrolled and four different protein supplements were assessed. Despite the variation in methodology, studies were homogenous with I-squared <10.0%. The meta-analysis showed no significant effect of protein supplementation on LBM (mean difference 1.17 kg, 95% CI: -1.97-4.3), handgrip (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI: -0.95-1.24), leg extension (mean difference -3.68 kg, 95% CI: -12.72-5.36), leg press (mean standardized difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: -0.30-0.82), SPPB (mean difference 0.61, 95% CI: -0.02-1.23), or gait velocity (mean difference -0.20 m/s, 95% CI: -0.95-0.55). CONCLUSION: Protein supplementation alone does not significantly improve muscle mass, strength or function in pre-frail or frail older people.
Authors: Ana Moradell; Ángel Iván Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Lucía Sagarra-Romero; Eva Gesteiro; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Jose A Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-04-08 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Linda M Hengeveld; Janette de Goede; Lydia A Afman; Stephan J L Bakker; Joline W J Beulens; Ellen E Blaak; Eric Boersma; Johanna M Geleijnse; Johannes Hans B van Goudoever; Maria T E Hopman; Jolein A Iestra; Stef P J Kremers; Ronald P Mensink; Nicole M de Roos; Coen D A Stehouwer; Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman; Emely de Vet; Marjolein Visser Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2022-08-01 Impact factor: 11.567
Authors: Yue-Heng Yin; Justina Yat Wa Liu; Tsz Man Fan; Kit Man Leung; Man Wai Ng; Tsun Yee Tsang; Ka Po Wong; Maritta Välimäki Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2021-06-29
Authors: Mary Ni Lochlainn; Natalie J Cox; Thomas Wilson; Richard P G Hayhoe; Sheena E Ramsay; Antoneta Granic; Masoud Isanejad; Helen C Roberts; Daisy Wilson; Carly Welch; Christopher Hurst; Janice L Atkins; Nuno Mendonça; Katy Horner; Esme R Tuttiett; Yvie Morgan; Phil Heslop; Elizabeth A Williams; Claire J Steves; Carolyn Greig; John Draper; Clare A Corish; Ailsa Welch; Miles D Witham; Avan A Sayer; Sian Robinson Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-07-09 Impact factor: 5.717