Alina Karanti1, Mathias Kardell1, Erik Joas1, Bo Runeson2, Erik Pålsson1, Mikael Landén1,3. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Large-scale studies on phenotypic differences between bipolar disorder type I (BDI) and type II (BDII) are scarce. METHODS: Individuals with BDI (N = 4806) and BDII (N = 3960) were compared with respect to clinical features, illness course, comorbid conditions, suicidality, and socioeconomic factors using data from the Swedish national quality assurance register for bipolar disorders (BipoläR). RESULTS: BDII had higher rate of depressive episodes and more frequent suicide attempts than BDI. Furthermore, the BDII group were younger at first sign of mental illness and showed higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity but were more likely to have completed higher education and to be self-sustaining than the BDI group. BDII more frequently received psychotherapy, antidepressants, and lamotrigine. BDI patients had higher rate of hospitalizations and elated episodes, higher BMI, and higher rate of endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. BDI were more likely to receive mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychoeducation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate clear differences between BDI and II and counter the notion that BDII is a milder form of BDI, but rather a more complex condition with regard to clinical course and comorbidity.
OBJECTIVES: Large-scale studies on phenotypic differences between bipolar disorder type I (BDI) and type II (BDII) are scarce. METHODS: Individuals with BDI (N = 4806) and BDII (N = 3960) were compared with respect to clinical features, illness course, comorbid conditions, suicidality, and socioeconomic factors using data from the Swedish national quality assurance register for bipolar disorders (BipoläR). RESULTS: BDII had higher rate of depressive episodes and more frequent suicide attempts than BDI. Furthermore, the BDII group were younger at first sign of mental illness and showed higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity but were more likely to have completed higher education and to be self-sustaining than the BDI group. BDII more frequently received psychotherapy, antidepressants, and lamotrigine. BDIpatients had higher rate of hospitalizations and elated episodes, higher BMI, and higher rate of endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. BDI were more likely to receive mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychoeducation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate clear differences between BDI and II and counter the notion that BDII is a milder form of BDI, but rather a more complex condition with regard to clinical course and comorbidity.
Authors: Roger S McIntyre; Martin Alda; Ross J Baldessarini; Michael Bauer; Michael Berk; Christoph U Correll; Andrea Fagiolini; Kostas Fountoulakis; Mark A Frye; Heinz Grunze; Lars V Kessing; David J Miklowitz; Gordon Parker; Robert M Post; Alan C Swann; Trisha Suppes; Eduard Vieta; Allan Young; Mario Maj Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2022-10 Impact factor: 79.683
Authors: Louise Öhlund; Michael Ott; Robert Lundqvist; Mikael Sandlund; Ellinor Salander Renberg; Ursula Werneke Journal: Ther Adv Psychopharmacol Date: 2020-08-06
Authors: Jose Guzman-Parra; Fabian Streit; Andreas J Forstner; Jana Strohmaier; Maria José González; Susana Gil Flores; Francisco J Cabaleiro Fabeiro; Francisco Del Río Noriega; Fermin Perez Perez; Jesus Haro González; Guillermo Orozco Diaz; Yolanda de Diego-Otero; Berta Moreno-Kustner; Georg Auburger; Franziska Degenhardt; Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach; Stefan Herms; Per Hoffmann; Josef Frank; Jerome C Foo; Lea Sirignano; Stephanie H Witt; Sven Cichon; Fabio Rivas; Fermín Mayoral; Markus M Nöthen; Till F M Andlauer; Marcella Rietschel Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2021-01-11 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Gaelle E Doucet; Dongdong Lin; Yuhui Du; Zening Fu; David C Glahn; Vincent D Calhoun; Jessica Turner; Sophia Frangou Journal: NPJ Schizophr Date: 2020-12-04
Authors: Massimiliano Buoli; Bruno Mario Cesana; Simone Bolognesi; Andrea Fagiolini; Umberto Albert; Gabriele Di Salvo; Giuseppe Maina; Andrea de Bartolomeis; Maurizio Pompili; Claudia Palumbo; Emi Bondi; Luca Steardo; Pasquale De Fazio; Mario Amore; Mario Altamura; Antonello Bellomo; Alessandro Bertolino; Marco Di Nicola; Guido Di Sciascio; Andrea Fiorillo; Emilio Sacchetti; Gabriele Sani; Alberto Siracusano; Giorgio Di Lorenzo; Alfonso Tortorella; A Carlo Altamura; Bernardo Dell'Osso Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2021-10-15 Impact factor: 5.270