Systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of probiotic supplementation in pregnant mother, breastfeeding mother and infant for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children.

Probiotic supplementation may decrease the risk of allergic disease; however, there are differences between studies, such as the type of probiotic, the route or the duration of supplementation. Therefore, determining the most effective probiotic strain/s, route of administration and duration for clinical recommendation has been difficult. An electronic systematic literature search was undertaken between using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented for the studies. PEDro scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of the included studies. A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Strain-specific sub-meta-analyses indicated that single strains are not as effective as probiotic mixtures and administration to a combination of pregnant mothers, breastfeeding mothers and infants had a reduced risk in the onset of atopic dermatitis in children. Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that a mixture of probiotic supplementation given to the mother in pregnancy and continuing while breastfeeding and also to the infant in children classified as high-risk for atopic dermatitis and non-high-risk groups is the most efficacious in reducing the risk of incidence of atopic dermatitis in children.