Laura A Malone1, Lisa R Sun2. 1. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 2158, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. 2. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 2158, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. lsun20@jhmi.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of noninvasive brain stimulation that is used for the treatment of migraine and major depression in adults and is now being evaluated for use in other disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiology underlying TMS, the safety and tolerability in pediatric patients, and the evidence for TMS efficacy in the treatment of pediatric neurologic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies investigating rTMS for adolescent depression, hemiparesis due to pediatric stroke, autism, and tics/Tourette syndrome have demonstrated some therapeutic benefit. rTMS has been insufficiently studied for migraine in children despite benefits demonstrated for adult migraine. Evidence for rTMS in childhood epilepsy and ADHD remains mixed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is emerging as a safe, tolerable, and potentially effective therapeutic strategy in a number of pediatric neurological disorders, though high-quality, randomized controlled trials are needed. Ongoing studies should focus on optimization of treatment protocols, development of biomarkers to identify children who will benefit from the technique, and identification of the most appropriate indicators of response.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of noninvasive brain stimulation that is used for the treatment of migraine and major depression in adults and is now being evaluated for use in other disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiology underlying TMS, the safety and tolerability in pediatric patients, and the evidence for TMS efficacy in the treatment of pediatric neurologic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies investigating rTMS for adolescent depression, hemiparesis due to pediatric stroke, autism, and tics/Tourette syndrome have demonstrated some therapeutic benefit. rTMS has been insufficiently studied for migraine in children despite benefits demonstrated for adult migraine. Evidence for rTMS in childhood epilepsy and ADHD remains mixed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is emerging as a safe, tolerable, and potentially effective therapeutic strategy in a number of pediatric neurological disorders, though high-quality, randomized controlled trials are needed. Ongoing studies should focus on optimization of treatment protocols, development of biomarkers to identify children who will benefit from the technique, and identification of the most appropriate indicators of response.
Authors: Bradley N Gaynes; Stacey W Lloyd; Linda Lux; Gerald Gartlehner; Richard A Hansen; Shannon Brode; Daniel E Jonas; Tammeka Swinson Evans; Meera Viswanathan; Kathleen N Lohr Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2014-05 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: Amy E Donaldson; Michael S Gordon; Glenn A Melvin; David A Barton; Paul B Fitzgerald Journal: Brain Stimul Date: 2014 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 8.955
Authors: Xiao-Ru Yang; Adam Kirton; Thomas Christopher Wilkes; Sarah Pradhan; Irene Liu; Natalia Jaworska; Omar Damji; Jamie Keess; Lisa Marie Langevin; Thilinie Rajapakse; Robert Marc Lebel; Mariko Sembo; Marilyn Fife; Frank P MacMaster Journal: J ECT Date: 2014-09 Impact factor: 3.635