Marcus Fernando S Praxedes1,2, Maria Auxiliadora P Martins3,4,5, Aline O M Mourão6, Karina B Gomes1, Edna A Reis1, Renan P Souza7, Emílio Itamar F Campos6, Daniel D Ribeiro8, Manoel Otávio C Rocha6,8. 1. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. 2. Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, 1015, Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, 44574-490, Brazil. 3. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. auxiliadorapmartins@hotmail.com. 4. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil. auxiliadorapmartins@hotmail.com. 5. Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil. auxiliadorapmartins@hotmail.com. 6. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil. 7. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. 8. Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the association of non-genetic factors and polymorphisms CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853), CYP2C9*3 (rs1075910), and VKORC1-G1639A (rs9923231) with time in therapeutic range (TTR), and to build a regression model to predict the quality of oral anticoagulation control in a sample of Brazilian patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study developed at an anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital. Overall, 312 patients were included. The quality of oral anticoagulation control was evaluated by TTR. TTR was dichotomized for analysis, using two cutoff points for classification as inadequate (TTR ≤ 60.0%) and optimal (TTR ≥ 75.0%) control. RESULTS: The average age was 60.4 ± 13.5 years, with a predominance of women (187; 59.9%). The -G1639A polymorphism of the VKORC1 gene, when evaluated, based on the recessive inheritance pattern [AA × (GA + GG)], patients with AA genotype exhibited a higher TTR (68.2% versus 62.8%, p = 0.017). TTR ≤ 60.0% was associated with number of drugs in chronic use, assistance for warfarin administration, reports of not taking warfarin, absenteeism, sex (female), and target INR (International Normalized Ratio; 2.00-3.00). TTR ≥ 75.0% was associated with sex (male), target INR (2.00-3.00), assistance for warfarin administration, reports of not taking warfarin, and absenteeism. The two algorithms proposed showed adequate ability to predict TTR presenting good sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provided useful information for risk stratification depending on TTR level and for future investigations on the quality of oral anticoagulation control in Brazilian anticoagulation clinics.
PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the association of non-genetic factors and polymorphisms CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853), CYP2C9*3 (rs1075910), and VKORC1-G1639A (rs9923231) with time in therapeutic range (TTR), and to build a regression model to predict the quality of oral anticoagulation control in a sample of Brazilian patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study developed at an anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital. Overall, 312 patients were included. The quality of oral anticoagulation control was evaluated by TTR. TTR was dichotomized for analysis, using two cutoff points for classification as inadequate (TTR ≤ 60.0%) and optimal (TTR ≥ 75.0%) control. RESULTS: The average age was 60.4 ± 13.5 years, with a predominance of women (187; 59.9%). The -G1639A polymorphism of the VKORC1 gene, when evaluated, based on the recessive inheritance pattern [AA × (GA + GG)], patients with AA genotype exhibited a higher TTR (68.2% versus 62.8%, p = 0.017). TTR ≤ 60.0% was associated with number of drugs in chronic use, assistance for warfarin administration, reports of not taking warfarin, absenteeism, sex (female), and target INR (International Normalized Ratio; 2.00-3.00). TTR ≥ 75.0% was associated with sex (male), target INR (2.00-3.00), assistance for warfarin administration, reports of not taking warfarin, and absenteeism. The two algorithms proposed showed adequate ability to predict TTR presenting good sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provided useful information for risk stratification depending on TTR level and for future investigations on the quality of oral anticoagulation control in Brazilian anticoagulation clinics.
Entities:
Keywords:
Algorithms; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Quality of health care; VKORC1 protein; Warfarin
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