Majda Pajnkihar1, Primož Kocbek2, Kasandra Musović3, Yuexian Tao4, Natalia Kasimovskaya5, Gregor Štiglic6, Roger Watson7, Dominika Vrbnjak8. 1. University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: majda.pajnkihar@um.si. 2. University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: primoz.kocbek@um.si. 3. University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: kasandra.musovic@student.um.si. 4. School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, No.16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: 934299381@qq.com. 5. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 2-8 Trubetskaya st., Moscow 119991, Russia. Electronic address: kasim0307@mail.ru. 6. University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: gregor.stiglic@um.si. 7. University of Hull, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Work, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom. Electronic address: r.watson@hull.ac.uk. 8. University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: dominika.vrbnjak@um.si.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Single studies suggest that nursing students perceive caring as more an instrumental than expressive behaviour and indicate some differences between caring perceptions in junior and senior nursing students. However, there are limited studies investigating caring perceptions in nursing students across multiple cultures. OBJECTIVE: To determine perceptions of caring in Slovene, Croatian, Chinese and Russian nursing students and explore whether there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of caring between countries and between first and third-year nursing students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 604 nursing students enrolled in first and third year in seven different nursing faculties in four countries: Slovenia; China; Croatia; and the Russian Federation. METHODS: The 25-item Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI-25) was used to measure caring perceptions. We also included demographic questions regarding age, gender, country, year of study and type of study. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive analysis while a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) adjusted for unequal sample sizes was performed together with a post hoc analysis of the results. RESULTS: The results of two-way ANOVA showed that both main effects (country and year of study) were statistically significant, as well as their interaction at the 0.05 significance level. The main effect for country was F(3, 596) = 3.591, p < 0.0136 indicating a significant difference in CDI-25 between Slovenia (M = 108.9, SD = 9.2), Russian Federation (M = 107.1, SD = 8.2), China (M = 102.8, SD = 9.7) and Croatia (M = 110.0, SD = 8.6). CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of caring in nursing students differ across countries, probably due to different educational systems, curricula, cultural differences and societal values. Implementing caring theories in nursing curricula could help students to cultivate caring during their education.
BACKGROUND: Single studies suggest that nursing students perceive caring as more an instrumental than expressive behaviour and indicate some differences between caring perceptions in junior and senior nursing students. However, there are limited studies investigating caring perceptions in nursing students across multiple cultures. OBJECTIVE: To determine perceptions of caring in Slovene, Croatian, Chinese and Russian nursing students and explore whether there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of caring between countries and between first and third-year nursing students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 604 nursing students enrolled in first and third year in seven different nursing faculties in four countries: Slovenia; China; Croatia; and the Russian Federation. METHODS: The 25-item Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI-25) was used to measure caring perceptions. We also included demographic questions regarding age, gender, country, year of study and type of study. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive analysis while a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) adjusted for unequal sample sizes was performed together with a post hoc analysis of the results. RESULTS: The results of two-way ANOVA showed that both main effects (country and year of study) were statistically significant, as well as their interaction at the 0.05 significance level. The main effect for country was F(3, 596) = 3.591, p < 0.0136 indicating a significant difference in CDI-25 between Slovenia (M = 108.9, SD = 9.2), Russian Federation (M = 107.1, SD = 8.2), China (M = 102.8, SD = 9.7) and Croatia (M = 110.0, SD = 8.6). CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of caring in nursing students differ across countries, probably due to different educational systems, curricula, cultural differences and societal values. Implementing caring theories in nursing curricula could help students to cultivate caring during their education.
Authors: Paola Ferri; Serena Stifani; Elena Morotti; Maria Nuvoletta; Loris Bonetti; Sergio Rovesti; Anna Cutino; Rosaria Di Lorenzo Journal: Psychol Res Behav Manag Date: 2020-12-24