Literature DB >> 31709110

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-2-oxoethyl 2-chloro-benzoate.

S N Sheshadri1, C S Chidan Kumar2, S Naveen3, M K Veeraiah4, Kakarla Raghava Reddy5, Ismail Warad6.   

Abstract

The title compound, C15H10ClNO5, is relatively planar with the two aromatic rings being inclined to each other by 3.56 (11)°. The central -C(=O)-C-O-C(=O)- bridge is slightly twisted, with a C-C-O-C torsion angle of 164.95 (16)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the (101) plane. The layers are linked by a further C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. There are a number of offset π-π inter-actions present between the layers [inter-centroid distances vary from 3.8264 (15) to 3.9775 (14) Å]. Hirshfeld surface analyses, the d norm surfaces, electrostatic potential and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were examined to verify the contributions of the different inter-molecular contacts within the supra-molecular structure. The shape-index surface shows that two sides of the mol-ecule are involved in the same contacts with neighbouring mol-ecules, and the curvedness plot shows flat surface patches that are characteristic of planar stacking. © Sheshadri et al. 2019.

Entities:  

Keywords:  C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds; Hirshfeld surface analysis; crystal structure; supra­molecular architecture; π–π inter­actions

Year:  2019        PMID: 31709110      PMCID: PMC6829745          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014336

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Due to their numerous applications in various fields of chemistry, phenacyl benzoates are of great importance (Rather & Reid, 1919 ▸; Literák et al., 2006 ▸; Sheehan & Umezawa, 1973 ▸; Huang et al., 1996 ▸; Gandhi et al., 1995 ▸; Zhang et al., 2009 ▸). In continuation of our work on such mol­ecules (Kumar et al., 2014 ▸; Chidan Kumar et al., 2014 ▸), we report herein on the crystal and mol­ecular structures of 2-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-2-oxoethyl chloro­benzoate (I). Its crystal and mol­ecular structures are compared with those of 2-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-2-oxoethyl benzoate (II) (Sheshadri et al., 2019 ▸), published by us recently, and further details of uses and applications of such mol­ecules are described therein.

Structural commentary

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, I, is shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The compound is composed of two aromatic rings (C1–C6 and C10–C15) linked by the –C7(=O2)—C8—O1—C9(=O3)– bridge. The bond lengths and angles in I are normal and similar to those reported for compound II. The two benzene rings are inclined to each other by 3.56 (11)°, indicating that they are almost coplanar, as in the structure of II. The nitro group (N1/O4/O5) lies almost in the plane of the benzene ring (C1–C6), with a dihedral angle between the two planes of 5.4 (4)°; the torsion angles C4—C3—N1—O4 and C2—C3—N1—O5 are −5.4 (3) and −5.1 (4)°, respectively. Atom Cl1 is displaced by 0.0749 (8) Å from the plane of benzene ring C10–C15.
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of compound I, with the atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

The overall mol­ecular conformation of I is characterized by three torsion angles, viz. τ1 (C11—C10—C9—O3), τ2 (C7—C8—O1—C9) and τ3 (O2—C7—C6—C1). Torsion angle τ1 at −12.5 (3)° signifies a certain noncoplanarity between the benzene ring (C10–C15) and the adjacent carbonyl group (C9=O3) as a result of steric repulsion between the substituent Cl1 and the adjacent carbonyl group C9=O3. This is also reflected in the torsion angle τ2 of −164.95 (16)°, between the two carbonyl groups, C7=O2 and C9=O3, which have a –anti­periplanar conformation. Torsion angle τ3, involving the benzene ring (C1–C6) and the adjacent carbonyl group (C7=O2), is −3.6 (3)° and indicates a –synperiplanar conformation. A comparison of the torsion angles in I and II, indicates that the insertion of the Cl atom in I has the most significant influence on torsion τ2, which is −164.95 (16)° in I compared to 174.08 (9)° in II. Torsion angles τ1 of −12.5 (3)° and τ3 of −3.6 (3)° are slightly larger than the values observed in II, viz. 9.60 (16) and 1.88 (15)°, respectively. Hence, compound I has a less planar conformation than unsubstituted compound II.

Supra­molecular features

The crystal structure of the title compound, is stabilized by inter­molecular hydrogen bonds of the types C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl (Table 1 ▸). Mol­ecules are linked by the C2—H2⋯O3i, C14—H14⋯O4i and C13—H13⋯Cl1iii hydrogen bonds to form layers lying parallel to the (101) plane; see Fig. 2 ▸ and Table 1 ▸. The layers are linked by C8—H8A⋯O3ii hydrogen bonds and offset π–π inter­actions (see Table 2 ▸), forming a supra­molecular three-dimensional structure (Fig. 3 ▸).
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C2—H2⋯O3i 0.932.543.258 (2)135
C8—H8A⋯O3ii 0.972.593.553 (3)171
C13—H13⋯Cl1iii 0.932.823.670 (3)153
C14—H14⋯O4i 0.932.503.211 (4)134

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

Figure 2

A view normal to the (101) plane of the crystal packing of compound I. The hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (Table 1 ▸; symmetry codes as in Table 1 ▸), and, for clarity, only the H atoms involved in hydrogen bonding have been included.

Table 2

π–π contacts (Å, °) in the crystal of compound I

Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C1–C6 and C10–C15 rings, respectively.

Cg(I) Cg(J) Cg(I)⋯Cg(J) (Å)α (°)β (°)γ (°) CgI_Perp (Å) CgJ_Perp (Å)Offset (Å)
Cg1 Cg1iv 3.9775 (14)0.02 (10)31.831.83.3791 (9)3.3791 (9)2.098
Cg1 Cg2v 3.8801 (14)3.56 (11)30.129.13.3895 (9)3.3559 (10)1.948
Cg2 Cg2vi 3.8264 (15)0.00 (11)24.824.83.4722 (10)3.4722 (10)1.608

Symmetry codes: (iv) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z; (v) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1; (vi) −x, −y + 1, −z + 1.

Figure 3

The crystal packing of compound I, viewed along the b axis, showing the layered stacking. For clarity, only the H atoms involved in hydrogen bonding have been included, and the hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (Table 1 ▸).

Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots

The Hirshfeld surface analysis (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ▸) and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots (McKinnon et al., 2007 ▸) were performed with CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017 ▸). Hirshfeld surface analysis enables the visualization of inter­molecular inter­actions by different colours and colour intensity, representing short or long contacts and indicating the relative strength of the inter­actions. Fig. 4 ▸(a) shows the Hirshfeld surface mapped over d norm (−0.154 to 1.305) and for Fig. 4 ▸(b) the electrostatic potential. The Hirshfeld surface illustrated in Fig. 4 ▸(a) reflects the involvement of different atoms with the inter­molecular inter­actions through the appearance of blue and red patches, which correspond to the regions of positive and negative electrostatic potential shown in Fig. 4 ▸(b). The shape-index surface (Fig. 5 ▸ a) clearly shows that the two sides of the mol­ecule are involved in contacts with neighbouring mol­ecules and the curvedness plot (Fig. 5 ▸ b) shows flat surface patches characteristic of planar stacking.
Figure 4

A view of the Hirshfeld surface of compound I, mapped over d norm.

Figure 5

Hirshfeld surface of compound I, mapped over (a) the shape-index and (b) the curvedness.

The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot for the title compound and those delineated into O⋯H/H⋯O, H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl contacts are illustrated in Fig. 6 ▸. The percentage contributions from the different inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces are as follows: O⋯H (34.8%), H⋯H (18.8%), C⋯H (14.7%) and Cl⋯H (10.1%), shown in the two-dimensional fingerprint plots, respectively, in Fig. 6 ▸. The percentage contributions for other inter­molecular contacts are less than 5% in the Hirshfeld surface mapping.
Figure 6

The two-dimensional fingerprint plots of compound I, showing the percentage contributions of all contacts and of individual atom–atom contacts.

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.40, last update May 2019; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) using 2-oxo-2-phenyl­ethyl benzoate as the main skeleton revealed the presence of 62 structures with different substituents on the terminal phenyl rings. In these structures, the two aromatic rings are inclined to each other by dihedral angles varying from ca 0 to 90°. There were seven structures with a nitro substituent on one of the aromatic rings. However, there is only one compound with the same skeleton as the title compound, i.e. 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl 4-nitro­benzoate (CSD refcode CISSAB; Kwong et al., 2017 ▸). Here the two aromatic rings are inclined to each other by ca 70.96°, compared to only 3.56 (11)° in the title compound. In the crystal structure of the recently published compound 2-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-2-oxoethyl benzoate (II) (Sheshadri et al., 2019 ▸), this dihedral angle is 3.09 (5)°.

Synthesis and crystallization

The title compound, was synthesized as per the procedure reported earlier by Kumar et al. (2014 ▸). A mixture of 2-bromo-1-(4-nitro­phen­yl)ethanone (0.2 g, 0.5 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.087 g, 0.63 mmol) and 2-chloro­benzoic acid (0.156 g, 0.65 mmol) in di­methyl­formamide (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water. The solid product obtained was filtered, washed with water and recrystallized from ethanol to give colourless block-like crystals (m.p. 386–390 K).

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3 ▸. C-bound H atoms were positioned geometrically (C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å) and refined using a riding model, with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C).
Table 3

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC15H10ClNO5
M r 319.69
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)294
a, b, c (Å)12.6646 (18), 12.4099 (18), 9.0902 (13)
β (°)99.947 (2)
V3)1407.2 (3)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.30
Crystal size (mm)0.55 × 0.26 × 0.19
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII DUO CCD area-detector
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2012)
T min, T max 0.796, 0.946
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections36449, 4122, 2586
R int 0.058
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.705
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.054, 0.141, 1.06
No. of reflections4122
No. of parameters199
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.26, −0.44

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2012 ▸), SAINT (Bruker, 2012 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014336/su5521sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014336/su5521Isup2.hkl CCDC references: 1449647, 1449647 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C15H10ClNO5F(000) = 656
Mr = 319.69Dx = 1.509 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 6264 reflections
a = 12.6646 (18) Åθ = 2.3–27.5°
b = 12.4099 (18) ŵ = 0.30 mm1
c = 9.0902 (13) ÅT = 294 K
β = 99.947 (2)°Block, colourless
V = 1407.2 (3) Å30.55 × 0.26 × 0.19 mm
Z = 4
Bruker APEXII DUO CCD area-detector diffractometer4122 independent reflections
Radiation source: Rotating Anode2586 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.058
Detector resolution: 18.4 pixels mm-1θmax = 30.1°, θmin = 1.6°
φ and ω scansh = −17→17
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2012)k = −17→17
Tmin = 0.796, Tmax = 0.946l = −12→12
36449 measured reflections
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.054H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.141 W = 1/[Σ2(FO2) + (0.0456P)2 + 0.8032P] WHERE P = (FO2 + 2FC2)/3
S = 1.06(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
4122 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.26 e Å3
199 parametersΔρmin = −0.44 e Å3
Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles
Refinement. Refinement on F2 for ALL reflections except those flagged by the user for potential systematic errors. Weighted R-factors wR and all goodnesses of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The observed criterion of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating -R-factor-obs etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.13276 (6)0.19871 (4)0.64688 (9)0.0704 (3)
O10.32241 (12)0.43016 (11)0.42430 (17)0.0451 (5)
O20.44530 (13)0.57459 (11)0.32308 (19)0.0553 (6)
O30.31616 (15)0.26717 (12)0.5238 (2)0.0662 (7)
O40.8091 (3)0.28826 (18)−0.0648 (4)0.1349 (15)
O50.8233 (2)0.45298 (17)−0.1127 (3)0.1031 (10)
N10.78442 (18)0.38048 (17)−0.0532 (3)0.0632 (8)
C10.60280 (16)0.53537 (15)0.1467 (2)0.0378 (6)
C20.68013 (17)0.51241 (15)0.0615 (2)0.0407 (6)
C30.70239 (17)0.40590 (16)0.0379 (2)0.0432 (7)
C40.65143 (19)0.32166 (16)0.0961 (3)0.0493 (7)
C50.57408 (18)0.34589 (15)0.1802 (3)0.0458 (7)
C60.54870 (15)0.45265 (14)0.2066 (2)0.0356 (6)
C70.46407 (16)0.48220 (15)0.2957 (2)0.0367 (6)
C80.40417 (18)0.38936 (16)0.3492 (2)0.0429 (6)
C90.28099 (17)0.35666 (15)0.5069 (2)0.0394 (6)
C100.19286 (15)0.40267 (15)0.5758 (2)0.0365 (6)
C110.12673 (17)0.33809 (16)0.6478 (2)0.0414 (6)
C120.05046 (19)0.3840 (2)0.7205 (3)0.0548 (8)
C130.0388 (2)0.4942 (2)0.7222 (3)0.0604 (9)
C140.10067 (19)0.55891 (18)0.6499 (3)0.0544 (8)
C150.17715 (17)0.51397 (16)0.5769 (3)0.0443 (7)
H10.586500.606800.164500.0450*
H20.716200.567300.021100.0490*
H40.668900.250500.079000.0590*
H50.538300.290400.219800.0550*
H8A0.372200.345500.264900.0510*
H8B0.453300.344600.416800.0510*
H120.007100.340400.768100.0660*
H13−0.011500.524800.773000.0720*
H140.091300.633200.649900.0650*
H150.218700.558600.527700.0530*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0741 (4)0.0363 (3)0.1119 (6)−0.0032 (3)0.0471 (4)0.0109 (3)
O10.0529 (9)0.0353 (7)0.0540 (9)0.0031 (6)0.0285 (7)0.0035 (6)
O20.0648 (11)0.0323 (7)0.0754 (11)−0.0003 (7)0.0311 (9)−0.0077 (7)
O30.0755 (12)0.0382 (8)0.0983 (14)0.0158 (8)0.0524 (11)0.0190 (8)
O40.165 (3)0.0587 (13)0.222 (3)0.0172 (14)0.149 (3)−0.0060 (16)
O50.1241 (19)0.0699 (13)0.144 (2)−0.0058 (13)0.1036 (18)0.0043 (13)
N10.0670 (14)0.0509 (11)0.0825 (16)−0.0031 (10)0.0433 (12)−0.0073 (11)
C10.0436 (11)0.0268 (8)0.0437 (11)−0.0021 (7)0.0095 (9)−0.0019 (8)
C20.0446 (11)0.0342 (9)0.0456 (12)−0.0058 (8)0.0141 (9)0.0031 (8)
C30.0444 (12)0.0394 (10)0.0504 (13)−0.0019 (9)0.0214 (10)−0.0037 (9)
C40.0588 (14)0.0296 (9)0.0659 (15)−0.0004 (9)0.0284 (12)−0.0048 (9)
C50.0554 (13)0.0288 (9)0.0591 (14)−0.0051 (9)0.0268 (11)−0.0009 (9)
C60.0393 (10)0.0295 (8)0.0392 (11)−0.0031 (7)0.0106 (9)−0.0026 (8)
C70.0412 (11)0.0320 (9)0.0383 (11)−0.0015 (8)0.0105 (9)−0.0013 (8)
C80.0517 (12)0.0341 (9)0.0486 (12)0.0005 (8)0.0250 (10)−0.0021 (8)
C90.0428 (11)0.0322 (9)0.0458 (12)−0.0011 (8)0.0149 (9)0.0010 (8)
C100.0355 (10)0.0339 (9)0.0410 (11)0.0012 (7)0.0089 (9)0.0032 (8)
C110.0409 (11)0.0368 (9)0.0491 (12)−0.0001 (8)0.0149 (9)0.0046 (9)
C120.0500 (13)0.0566 (13)0.0644 (16)0.0006 (11)0.0288 (12)0.0066 (12)
C130.0540 (14)0.0560 (14)0.0790 (18)0.0104 (11)0.0336 (14)−0.0026 (13)
C140.0537 (14)0.0369 (11)0.0762 (17)0.0096 (9)0.0214 (13)−0.0022 (10)
C150.0456 (12)0.0343 (10)0.0553 (13)0.0018 (8)0.0150 (10)0.0030 (9)
Cl1—C111.732 (2)C10—C111.401 (3)
O1—C81.428 (3)C10—C151.396 (3)
O1—C91.344 (2)C11—C121.384 (3)
O2—C71.206 (2)C12—C131.376 (4)
O3—C91.197 (2)C13—C141.367 (4)
O4—N11.196 (3)C14—C151.383 (3)
O5—N11.199 (3)C1—H10.9300
N1—C31.470 (3)C2—H20.9300
C1—C21.379 (3)C4—H40.9300
C1—C61.396 (3)C5—H50.9300
C2—C31.376 (3)C8—H8A0.9700
C3—C41.381 (3)C8—H8B0.9700
C4—C51.376 (3)C12—H120.9300
C5—C61.394 (3)C13—H130.9300
C6—C71.496 (3)C14—H140.9300
C7—C81.506 (3)C15—H150.9300
C9—C101.485 (3)
C8—O1—C9114.31 (15)C10—C11—C12120.71 (19)
O4—N1—O5123.0 (3)C11—C12—C13120.0 (2)
O4—N1—C3118.4 (3)C12—C13—C14120.5 (2)
O5—N1—C3118.6 (2)C13—C14—C15120.1 (2)
C2—C1—C6120.74 (17)C10—C15—C14121.0 (2)
C1—C2—C3118.07 (18)C2—C1—H1120.00
N1—C3—C2118.53 (18)C6—C1—H1120.00
N1—C3—C4118.41 (19)C1—C2—H2121.00
C2—C3—C4123.1 (2)C3—C2—H2121.00
C3—C4—C5118.17 (19)C3—C4—H4121.00
C4—C5—C6120.72 (19)C5—C4—H4121.00
C1—C6—C5119.24 (18)C4—C5—H5120.00
C1—C6—C7118.47 (16)C6—C5—H5120.00
C5—C6—C7122.29 (18)O1—C8—H8A110.00
O2—C7—C6122.01 (18)O1—C8—H8B110.00
O2—C7—C8122.19 (19)C7—C8—H8A110.00
C6—C7—C8115.80 (16)C7—C8—H8B110.00
O1—C8—C7109.30 (16)H8A—C8—H8B108.00
O1—C9—O3121.9 (2)C11—C12—H12120.00
O1—C9—C10111.65 (16)C13—C12—H12120.00
O3—C9—C10126.36 (19)C12—C13—H13120.00
C9—C10—C11122.06 (17)C14—C13—H13120.00
C9—C10—C15120.13 (18)C13—C14—H14120.00
C11—C10—C15117.74 (18)C15—C14—H14120.00
Cl1—C11—C10122.61 (16)C10—C15—H15120.00
Cl1—C11—C12116.66 (17)C14—C15—H15119.00
C9—O1—C8—C7−164.95 (16)C5—C6—C7—O2177.1 (2)
C8—O1—C9—O35.3 (3)C5—C6—C7—C8−2.8 (3)
C8—O1—C9—C10−177.15 (15)O2—C7—C8—O13.6 (3)
O4—N1—C3—C2174.8 (3)C6—C7—C8—O1−176.59 (15)
O4—N1—C3—C4−5.1 (4)O1—C9—C10—C11170.13 (17)
O5—N1—C3—C2−5.4 (3)O1—C9—C10—C15−13.2 (3)
O5—N1—C3—C4174.7 (3)O3—C9—C10—C11−12.5 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C3−0.2 (3)O3—C9—C10—C15164.3 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C50.4 (3)C9—C10—C11—Cl1−6.6 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C7−178.83 (17)C9—C10—C11—C12175.2 (2)
C1—C2—C3—N1179.79 (19)C15—C10—C11—Cl1176.60 (17)
C1—C2—C3—C4−0.4 (3)C15—C10—C11—C12−1.6 (3)
N1—C3—C4—C5−179.5 (2)C9—C10—C15—C14−175.3 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C50.7 (4)C11—C10—C15—C141.6 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6−0.5 (4)Cl1—C11—C12—C13−178.1 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C10.0 (3)C10—C11—C12—C130.2 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C7179.2 (2)C11—C12—C13—C141.3 (4)
C1—C6—C7—O2−3.7 (3)C12—C13—C14—C15−1.3 (4)
C1—C6—C7—C8176.42 (17)C13—C14—C15—C10−0.2 (4)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C2—H2···O3i0.932.543.258 (2)135
C8—H8A···O3ii0.972.593.553 (3)171
C13—H13···Cl1iii0.932.823.670 (3)153
C14—H14···O4i0.932.503.211 (4)134
  7 in total

1.  Towards quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions with Hirshfeld surfaces.

Authors:  Joshua J McKinnon; Dylan Jayatilaka; Mark A Spackman
Journal:  Chem Commun (Camb)       Date:  2007-10-07       Impact factor: 6.222

2.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

3.  Synthesis, molecular structure, FT-IR and XRD investigations of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-chlorobenzoate: a comparative DFT study.

Authors:  C S Chidan Kumar; Hoong Kun Fun; Mahir Tursun; Chin Wei Ooi; Siddegowda Chandraju; Ching Kheng Quah; Cemal Parlak
Journal:  Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc       Date:  2014-01-23       Impact factor: 4.098

4.  Chain mechanism in the photocleavage of phenacyl and pyridacyl esters in the presence of hydrogen donors.

Authors:  Jaromír Literák; Anna Dostálová; Petr Klán
Journal:  J Org Chem       Date:  2006-01-20       Impact factor: 4.354

5.  Novel biphenyl ester derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthesis, crystallographic, spectral analysis and molecular docking studies.

Authors:  Huey Chong Kwong; C S Chidan Kumar; Siau Hui Mah; Tze Shyang Chia; Ching Kheng Quah; Zi Han Loh; Siddegowda Chandraju; Gin Keat Lim
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2017-02-27       Impact factor: 3.240

6.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20

7.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
  7 in total

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