2H-Chromenes (or 2H-benzopyrans) are heterocyclic compounds found in many natural plants. This class of molecules shows a wide variety of biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammation and anti-HIV (Horton et al., 2003 ▸). Recently, we have shown that 3-nitro-2H-chromene can act as a selective mTOR/Pi3K inhibitor, which can lead to a new compound to treat breast cancer (Fouqué et al., 2015 ▸). Interestingly, we observed that thiochromene derivatives, where the O atom is replaced by an S atom, can increase significantly the biological activity of these compounds. With the goal in mind to synthesize a chemical library of thiochromene compounds (Nguyen et al., 2016 ▸), we have now successfully prepared 2-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-8-ethoxy-3-nitro-2H-thiochromene (A) and 2-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxy-3-nitro-2H-thiochromene (B). Crystal structure determination can help to understand the role of halogenated substituents in the biological activity of these compounds.
Structural commentary
Compound (A) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P
, while compound (B) crystallizes in the space group P21/c, both with one molecule in the asymmetric unit (Figs. 1 ▸ and 2 ▸). In both compounds, the conformation of the thiochromene ring is similar. In A, the thiochromene ring makes an angle of 89.3 (2)° with phenyl ring C1–C6, while in B, this angle is 86.94 (8)°, which indicates that the 2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl ring is roughly perpendicular to the thiochromene plane. Both 2H-thiopyran rings have a screw-boat conformation, with atom C7 having the largest deviation from the best plane through atoms S1/C7–C11 [puckering parameters Q = 0.388 (4) Å, θ = 119.6 (7)° and φ = 202.2 (9)° for A, and Q = 0.5111 (18) Å, θ = 118.2 (2)° and φ = 208.1 (3)° for B]. The C—S bond lengths are almost equal [C7—S1 = 1.828 (4) Å and C11—S1 = 1.8307 (19) Å for A, and 1.758 (5) and 1.7574 (19) Å for B, respectively]. The C11—S1—C7 bond angle is 102.5 (2)° in A and 100.47 (9)° in B. The N—O bond lengths in compound B [1.232 (2) and 1.221 (2) Å] are slightly longer than those in compound A [both 1.219 (5) Å]. The nitro group is situated in the thiochromene plane, as illustrated by the torsion angle O2—N8—C8—C9 of 1.3 (7)° in A and 9.5 (3)° in B.
Figure 1
The molecular structure of 2-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-8-ethoxy-3-nitro-2H-thiochromene (A), showing the atom labeling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
Figure 2
The molecular structure of 2-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxy-3-nitro-2H-thiochromene (B), showing the atom labeling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
Supramolecular features
In the crystal of A, molecules form inversion dimers via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 1 ▸ and Fig. 3 ▸) and π–π interactions [Cg3⋯Cg3i = 3.646 (3) Å; symmetry code: (i) −x, −y + 2, −z; Cg3 is the centroid of the C10–C15 ring]. Neighbouring dimers interact through C—F⋯π and short Br1⋯H5ii interactions [F4⋯Cg3ii = 3.328 (4) Å and Br1⋯H5iii = 2.96 Å; symmetry codes: (ii) −x, −y + 1, −z + 1; (iii) x + 1, y, z].
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for A
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C9—H9⋯O2i
0.93
2.50
3.419 (7)
168
Symmetry code: (i) .
Figure 3
Packing diagram for A, showing C—H⋯O, C—F⋯π, π–π and H⋯Br interactions [symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y + 1, −z + 1; (ii) −x, −y + 2, −z; (iii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1; (iv) −x, −y + 1, −z]. Cg3 is the centroid of the C10–C15 ring.
In the crystal of compound B, two molecules form dimers through C—H⋯Fhydrogen bonds (Table 2 ▸ and Fig. 4 ▸). These dimers form chains running in the c direction through π–π interactions [Cg2⋯Cg2i = 3.8458 (13) Å; symmetry code: (i) −x + 2, −y + 1, −z + 1; Cg2 is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring]. Parallel chains interact via C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.
Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for B
Cg3 is the centroid of the C10–C15 ring.
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C9—H9⋯O1i
0.93
2.60
3.418 (3)
148
C15—H15⋯F4ii
0.93
2.54
3.268 (2)
136
C16—C16B⋯Cg3iii
0.96
2.86
3.668 (3)
143
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .
Figure 4
Packing diagram for B, showing C—H⋯O, C—H⋯F, C—H⋯π and π–π interactions [symmetry codes: (i) x, −y + , z − ; (ii) −x + 2, −y + 1, −z + 2; (iii) −x + 1, y − , −z + ; (iv) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1]. Cg2 and Cg3 are the centroids of the C1–C6 and C10–C15 rings, respectively.
Database survey
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.40, update of May 2019; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) contains seven phenyl-2H-thiochromene derivatives, of which three contain halogen atoms [CSD refcodes IFOZIO (Choudhury & Mukherjee, 2013 ▸), QAPSAE (Simlandy & Mukherjee, 2017 ▸) and WAPCUO (Sangeetha & Sekar, 2017 ▸)] and only one structure contains a nitro substituent on the 2H-thiochromene ring (NOGDIZ; Le et al., 2019 ▸). In all seven structures, the phenyl ring is roughly perpendicular to the thiochromene plane, with dihedral angles between 87.73 and 98.89°. Four of the seven structures display intermolecular interactions between the S atom and a C—H bond. However, in the two structures presented here, this type of interaction has not been observed.
Synthesis and crystallization
To a round-bottomed flask was added 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde (1 equiv.), nitrostyrene (1 equiv.) and K2CO3 (1 equiv.) in toluene and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (yield 90%). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection were obtained by slow evaporation from an ethanol solution.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3 ▸. All H atoms bonded to C atoms were placed at calculated positions, with C—H = 0.93–0.98 Å, and refined as riding, with U
iso(H) = 1.2U
eq(C) for Csp
2—H and U
iso(H) = 1.5U
eq(C) for Csp
3—H. A rotating-group model was applied for methyl-group C17 in A and C16 in B.
Table 3
Experimental details
A
B
Crystal data
Chemical formula
C17H13BrFNO3S
C16H11BrFNO3S
Mr
410.25
396.23
Crystal system, space group
Triclinic, P
Monoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)
273
273
a, b, c (Å)
7.6695 (12), 10.6867 (18), 12.2767 (19)
7.6231 (4), 17.3484 (8), 11.8345 (6)
α, β, γ (°)
64.686 (4), 80.760 (4), 70.395 (4)
90, 106.016 (2), 90
V (Å3)
856.7 (2)
1504.35 (13)
Z
2
4
Radiation type
Mo Kα
Mo Kα
μ (mm−1)
2.55
2.90
Crystal size (mm)
0.25 × 0.2 × 0.15
0.30 × 0.22 × 0.11
Data collection
Diffractometer
Bruker D8 Quest CMOS
Bruker D8 Quest CMOS
Absorption correction
Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016 ▸)
Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016 ▸)
Tmin, Tmax
0.621, 0.745
0.599, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
12684, 3255, 2291
31660, 3745, 3018
Rint
0.037
0.032
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)
0.611
0.669
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S
0.052, 0.128, 1.04
0.029, 0.070, 1.04
No. of reflections
3255
3745
No. of parameters
218
209
H-atom treatment
H-atom parameters constrained
H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)
0.53, −0.49
0.52, −0.49
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2013 ▸), SAINT (Bruker, 2013 ▸), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a
▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015b
▸) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸).
Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) A, B, global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014178/vm2223sup1.cifStructure factors: contains datablock(s) A. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014178/vm2223Asup8.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) B. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014178/vm2223Bsup9.hklClick here for additional data file.Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014178/vm2223Asup4.cmlClick here for additional data file.Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019014178/vm2223Bsup5.cmlCCDC references: 1950406, 1953121, 1950406, 1953121Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052
H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.128
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0419P)2 + 2.0237P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.04
(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
3255 reflections
Δρmax = 0.53 e Å−3
218 parameters
Δρmin = −0.49 e Å−3
0 restraints
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029
H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.070
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0274P)2 + 0.9845P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.04
(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3745 reflections
Δρmax = 0.52 e Å−3
209 parameters
Δρmin = −0.49 e Å−3
0 restraints
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.