Paternal lineages and forensic parameters based on 23 Y-STRs (Powerplex® Y23) in Mestizo males from Mexico City.

We analyzed 307 Mexican-Mestizo (admixed) males from Mexico City with the Powerplex® Y23 system. The complete list of Y-STR haplotypes was uploaded into the YHRD database (accession number YA004275). The discriminatory capacity (98.70 %) and gene diversity (D = 99.99 %) were calculated, improving the haplotype diversity regarding previous studies in Mexico based on 17 Y-STRs and 12 Y-STRs. Haplogroup distribution assignment was inferred by means of two different online-available algorithms. The Native American Q* haplogroup was the most frequent (66.2 %), followed by the European R1b lineage (19.5 %). In addition, eight Eurasian (3.9%) and two African (6.6%) haplogroups were observed in this population sample from Mexico City. Interestingly, AMOVA test showed a low but significant differentiation among Mexican-Mestizos (Fst = 1.52%; p = 0.0000), suggesting that four population clusters allow to explain their genetic structure according to geographic criteria: north, west, center, and south.