Yike Sun1, Shanshan Zhou2, Hua Guo3, Jian Zhang1, Tianjiao Ma4, Yang Zheng5, Zhiguo Zhang6, Lu Cai7. 1. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA. 2. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. 3. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Immunology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. 4. Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China. 5. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: zhengyang@jlu.edu.cn. 6. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: zg529@163.com. 7. Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. It was reported that sulforaphane (SFN) prevented type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced cardiomyopathy accompanied by the activation of AMPK; In this study, AMPK's pivotal role in SFN-mediated prevention against T2D-induced cardiomyopathy was tested using global deletion of AMPKα2 gene (AMPKα2-KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: T2D was established by feeding 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce mild hyperglycemia in both AMPKα2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Then both T2D and control mice were subsequently treated with or without SFN for 3 months while continually feeding HFD or normal diet. Upon completion of the 3-month treatment, five mice from each group were sacrificed as a 3-month time-point (3 M). The rest continued normal diet or HFD until terminating study at the sixth month (6 M) of diabetes. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiography before sacrifice at both 3 M and 6 M. SFN prevented T2D-induced progression of cardiac dysfunction, remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis), inflammation, and oxidative damage in wild-type diabetic mice, but not in AMPKα2-KO mice. Mechanistically, SFN prevented T2D-induced cardiomyopathy not only by improving AMPK-mediated lipid metabolic pathways, but also enhancing NRF2 activation via AMPK/AKT/GSK3β pathway. However, these improving effects of SFN were abolished in AMPKα2-KO diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS: AMPK is indispensable for the SFN-induced prevention of cardiomyopathy in T2D, and the activation of NRF2 by SFN is mediated by AMPK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways.
BACKGROUND:AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. It was reported that sulforaphane (SFN) prevented type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced cardiomyopathy accompanied by the activation of AMPK; In this study, AMPK's pivotal role in SFN-mediated prevention against T2D-induced cardiomyopathy was tested using global deletion of AMPKα2 gene (AMPKα2-KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: T2D was established by feeding 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce mild hyperglycemia in both AMPKα2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Then both T2D and control mice were subsequently treated with or without SFN for 3 months while continually feeding HFD or normal diet. Upon completion of the 3-month treatment, five mice from each group were sacrificed as a 3-month time-point (3 M). The rest continued normal diet or HFD until terminating study at the sixth month (6 M) of diabetes. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiography before sacrifice at both 3 M and 6 M. SFN prevented T2D-induced progression of cardiac dysfunction, remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis), inflammation, and oxidative damage in wild-type diabeticmice, but not in AMPKα2-KO mice. Mechanistically, SFN prevented T2D-induced cardiomyopathy not only by improving AMPK-mediated lipid metabolic pathways, but also enhancing NRF2 activation via AMPK/AKT/GSK3β pathway. However, these improving effects of SFN were abolished in AMPKα2-KO diabeticmice. CONCLUSIONS:AMPK is indispensable for the SFN-induced prevention of cardiomyopathy in T2D, and the activation of NRF2 by SFN is mediated by AMPK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways.
Authors: Daniel Rodrigues; Tiago J Costa; Josiane F Silva; José Teles de Oliveira Neto; Juliano V Alves; Aline G Fedoce; Rafael Menezes Costa; Rita C Tostes Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-06-07 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Teresa Salvatore; Pia Clara Pafundi; Raffaele Galiero; Gaetana Albanese; Anna Di Martino; Alfredo Caturano; Erica Vetrano; Luca Rinaldi; Ferdinando Carlo Sasso Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2021-06-30