An unbalanced tri-allelic pattern at the D10S1248 locus: Characteristics, genetic basis and transmission.

To address issues related to unbalanced tri-allelic patterns, an example at the D10S1248 locus characterized by the sum of heights of alleles 13 and 15 approximately equal to allele 14 was intensively investigated. The coexistence of these three alleles was confirmed by profiling the rs2246512-D10S1248 marker using fluorescently labelled primers and allelic sequencing. Multi-tissue genotyping revealed that this pattern had chimeric characteristics, and pedigree analysis found that allele 13 or allele 14 were inherited to offspring independently of the other two alleles. These evidences suggest that the pattern should stem from a somatic mutation in early embryonic development and that peak height ratio is not an accurate indicator of mutation time point and direction. The rs2246538-D10S1248-rs2246512 marker was subsequently used to determine the mutation from allele 15 to allele 13. Notably, allele 13 with the lowest peak height was misidentified as a stutter peak when genotyped using next generation sequencing.