Patrick Hardy1, Jean-François Costemale-Lacoste2, Christian Trichard3, Florence Butlen-Ducuing4, Isabelle Devouge5, Valérie Cerboneschi6, Elisabeth Jacob7, Richard Buferne8, Amine Benyamina9, Alain Cantero10, Véronique Gravier11, Teim Ghanem12, Agnès Guérin13, Antoine Meidinger14, Jean-Marc Baleyte15, Antoine Pelissolo16, Emmanuelle Corruble4. 1. CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Electronic address: patrick.hardy@aphp.fr. 2. CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. 3. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Secteur 91G05, EPS Barthélémy Durand, 91150 Etampes, France. 4. CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. 5. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Pôle 92G13, Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, 94800 Villejuif, France. 6. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Secteur 92G18, Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, 92140 Clamart, France. 7. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Unité intersectorielle de réinsertion, EPS Erasme, 92160 Antony, France. 8. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CH Fondation Vallée, 94250 Gentilly, France. 9. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France. 10. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Pôle 94G16, Hôpitaux de Saint-Maurice, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France. 11. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, 77100 Meaux, France. 12. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Pôle de psychiatrie d'adultes, GH Nord-Essonne, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France. 13. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Pôle 94G05, CH Les Murets, 94510 La Queue-en-Brie, France. 14. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Clinique L'abbaye (CLINEA), 91170 Viry-Châtillon, France. 15. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHI Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Faculté de médecine, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM, IMRB, U955, Team 15, 94000 Créteil, France. 16. Dispositif Territorial de Recherche et de Formation (DTRF) Grand Paris Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Faculté de médecine, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM, IMRB, U955, Team 15, 94000 Créteil, France.
Abstract
AIMS: To compare prevalence and risk factors for burnout, anxiety and depression among hospital psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists. METHOD: Regional online survey of psychiatric and non-psychiatric hospital physicians was performed including: a job-stress scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), a stressful work relationships list and a six items scale about work-related psychosocial risk factors (PRFs). The client-related burnout scale of the CBI has been changed to an interpersonal burnout scale. Cases were defined by a score of 8+ for the HADS-A/HADS-D and 50+ for the three CBI subscales. RESULTS: 285 psychiatrists and 326 non-psychiatrists participated. The prevalence of depression, personal burnout and work-related burnout did not differ between physicians. Anxiety was lower in psychiatrists and interpersonal burnout was higher in senior psychiatrists. Multivariate analysis showed two main PRFs, common to both groups of physicians: "work intensity and time" was associated with four of the five syndromes and "emotional demands" with the three burnout syndromes. Interpersonal burnout was associated with stressful relationships with leaders, but not with patients. CONCLUSION: Reducing the workload, improving the management of emotions and increasing managerial skills are important approaches for prevention.
AIMS: To compare prevalence and risk factors for burnout, anxiety and depression among hospital psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists. METHOD: Regional online survey of psychiatric and non-psychiatric hospital physicians was performed including: a job-stress scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), a stressful work relationships list and a six items scale about work-related psychosocial risk factors (PRFs). The client-related burnout scale of the CBI has been changed to an interpersonal burnout scale. Cases were defined by a score of 8+ for the HADS-A/HADS-D and 50+ for the three CBI subscales. RESULTS: 285 psychiatrists and 326 non-psychiatrists participated. The prevalence of depression, personal burnout and work-related burnout did not differ between physicians. Anxiety was lower in psychiatrists and interpersonal burnout was higher in senior psychiatrists. Multivariate analysis showed two main PRFs, common to both groups of physicians: "work intensity and time" was associated with four of the five syndromes and "emotional demands" with the three burnout syndromes. Interpersonal burnout was associated with stressful relationships with leaders, but not with patients. CONCLUSION: Reducing the workload, improving the management of emotions and increasing managerial skills are important approaches for prevention.