Alonso Camacho-Ramírez1,2,3, J Arturo Prada-Oliveira2,3,4, Antonio Ribelles-García4,5, David Almorza-Gomar3,6, Gonzalo M Pérez-Arana7,8,9. 1. Puerta del Mar Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. 2. Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador, Cadiz, Spain. 3. Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. 4. Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela s/n, 11003, Cadiz, Spain. 5. Sustainable Social Development Research Institute (INDESS), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. 6. Operative Statistic and Research Department, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. 7. Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador, Cadiz, Spain. gonzalompp@hotmail.com. 8. Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. gonzalompp@hotmail.com. 9. Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela s/n, 11003, Cadiz, Spain. gonzalompp@hotmail.com.
Abstract
AIMS: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective surgical therapies for the rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the entero-hormonal response after surgery and the role of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the restoration of normoglycemia are still not clear. METHODS: We reproduced the RYGB technique in Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats and performed serum hormonal, histological, and hormonal-infusion test. RESULTS: Using the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model, we demonstrated that PYY plasma levels showed a remarkable peak approximately 30 min earlier than GLP-1 or GIP after mixed-meal administration in RYGB-operated rats with PYY. The GLP-1 and GIP areas under the curve (AUCs) increased after RYGB in GK rats. Additionally, the findings suggested that PYY (3-36) infusion led to increased GLP-1 and GIP plasma levels close to those obtained after a meal. Finally, the number of GLP-1-positive cells appeared to increase in the three segments of the small intestine in GK-RYGB-operated rats beyond the early presence of nutrient stimulation in the ileum. Nevertheless, PYY-positive cell numbers appeared to increase only in the ileum. CONCLUSION: At least in rats, these data demonstrate an earlier essential role for PYY in gut hormone regulation after RYGB. We understand that PYY contributes to GLP-1 and GIP release and there must be the existence of enteroendocrine communication routes between the distal and proximal small intestine.
AIMS: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective surgical therapies for the rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the entero-hormonal response after surgery and the role of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the restoration of normoglycemia are still not clear. METHODS: We reproduced the RYGB technique in Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats and performed serum hormonal, histological, and hormonal-infusion test. RESULTS: Using the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model, we demonstrated that PYY plasma levels showed a remarkable peak approximately 30 min earlier than GLP-1 or GIP after mixed-meal administration in RYGB-operated rats with PYY. The GLP-1 and GIP areas under the curve (AUCs) increased after RYGB in GK rats. Additionally, the findings suggested that PYY (3-36) infusion led to increased GLP-1 and GIP plasma levels close to those obtained after a meal. Finally, the number of GLP-1-positive cells appeared to increase in the three segments of the small intestine in GK-RYGB-operated rats beyond the early presence of nutrient stimulation in the ileum. Nevertheless, PYY-positive cell numbers appeared to increase only in the ileum. CONCLUSION: At least in rats, these data demonstrate an earlier essential role for PYY in gut hormone regulation after RYGB. We understand that PYY contributes to GLP-1 and GIP release and there must be the existence of enteroendocrine communication routes between the distal and proximal small intestine.
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