Luçandra R Espírito Santo1, Thaís O Faria2, Carla Silvana O Silva3, Lorena A Xavier1, Vivianne C Reis4, Gabriel A Mota1, Marise F Silveira5, José Geraldo Mill6, Marcelo P Baldo7,8. 1. Department of Medicine, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil. 2. Department of Nursing, Prominas University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil. 3. Department of Nursing, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil. 4. Department of Physical Education, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil. 5. Department of Statistics, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil. 6. Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 27042-755, Brazil. 7. Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário, UniFIPMOC, Montes Claros, MG 39408-007, Brazil. 8. Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Socio-economic disparities account for changes in the lipid profile in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the association between blood lipids and socio-economic and educational strata in adults not taking lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1614 individuals not taking lipid-lowering medications. Sociodemographic characteristics, monthly income, education level and the number of consumer goods available at home were obtained and individuals were classified into five socio-economic categories. Blood lipids were obtained in fasting participants. RESULTS: In men, the higher the socio-economic or educational stratum, the higher the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels and the lower the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), after controlling for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking habit and physical activity. In women, the higher socio-economic strata were associated with elevated total cholesterol and HDL-c, while lower total cholesterol, LDL-c and TG levels were found in those with higher education levels. Also, individuals in the upper socio-economic strata had higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c, showing more than two times higher odds of having multiple alterations in blood lipids (men: OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.23 to 5.07]; women: OR 2.31 [95% CI 1.09 to 5.83]). CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in developing countries. Individuals in the highest socio-economic category are the ones at higher risk for dyslipidemia. This phenomenon calls for strategies to stimulate healthy diet habits and a physically active lifestyle to minimize health problems.
BACKGROUND: Socio-economic disparities account for changes in the lipid profile in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the association between blood lipids and socio-economic and educational strata in adults not taking lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1614 individuals not taking lipid-lowering medications. Sociodemographic characteristics, monthly income, education level and the number of consumer goods available at home were obtained and individuals were classified into five socio-economic categories. Blood lipids were obtained in fasting participants. RESULTS: In men, the higher the socio-economic or educational stratum, the higher the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels and the lower the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), after controlling for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking habit and physical activity. In women, the higher socio-economic strata were associated with elevated total cholesterol and HDL-c, while lower total cholesterol, LDL-c and TG levels were found in those with higher education levels. Also, individuals in the upper socio-economic strata had higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c, showing more than two times higher odds of having multiple alterations in blood lipids (men: OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.23 to 5.07]; women: OR 2.31 [95% CI 1.09 to 5.83]). CONCLUSIONS:Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in developing countries. Individuals in the highest socio-economic category are the ones at higher risk for dyslipidemia. This phenomenon calls for strategies to stimulate healthy diet habits and a physically active lifestyle to minimize health problems.
Authors: Victoria A Metelskaya; Svetlana A Shalnova; Elena B Yarovaya; Vladimir A Kutsenko; Sergey A Boytsov; Eugeny V Shlyakhto; Oxana M Drapkina Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-14 Impact factor: 3.390