Sandra Guimarães1, André Alves Carção2, Mariana Ramos Carvalho2, Maria João Vieira3, Cristina Freitas4, Pedro Morgado5. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: sandraguimaraes.eye@gmail.com. 2. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. 3. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the long-term (≥1 year) psychosocial effects of occlusion therapy in children with refractive amblyopia and their caregivers. METHODS: Multiple self-reported questionnaires were used to investigate HRQoL, anxiety, depression, and stress in a cross-sectional study of children with refractive amblyopia and their caregivers. Children were divided into two subgroups: those treated with glasses only and those treated with both glasses and occlusion therapy who had stopped wearing a patch at least 1 year earlier. RESULTS: A total of 79 children were included: 32 in the refraction-only group and 47 in the glasses + occlusion group. Median age of subjects was 12 years (IQR = 3.0). Mean age of the 79 caregivers was 41.9 ± 5.0 years. No significant differences were found for any of the psychosocial outcomes analyzed between children treated with glasses and patching and those treated with glasses only. The differences remained insignificant between children according to age of first occlusion (<6 vs ≥6 years). The only significant (but not clinically relevant) difference observed for caregivers was a higher score in the depression dimension of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for caregivers of children treated with glasses only (P = 0.036; effect size = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: In our study cohort, patching was not associated with long-term negative psychosocial outcomes in children with refractive amblyopia treated with occlusion therapy.
PURPOSE: To assess the long-term (≥1 year) psychosocial effects of occlusion therapy in children with refractive amblyopia and their caregivers. METHODS: Multiple self-reported questionnaires were used to investigate HRQoL, anxiety, depression, and stress in a cross-sectional study of children with refractive amblyopia and their caregivers. Children were divided into two subgroups: those treated with glasses only and those treated with both glasses and occlusion therapy who had stopped wearing a patch at least 1 year earlier. RESULTS: A total of 79 children were included: 32 in the refraction-only group and 47 in the glasses + occlusion group. Median age of subjects was 12 years (IQR = 3.0). Mean age of the 79 caregivers was 41.9 ± 5.0 years. No significant differences were found for any of the psychosocial outcomes analyzed between children treated with glasses and patching and those treated with glasses only. The differences remained insignificant between children according to age of first occlusion (<6 vs ≥6 years). The only significant (but not clinically relevant) difference observed for caregivers was a higher score in the depression dimension of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for caregivers of children treated with glasses only (P = 0.036; effect size = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: In our study cohort, patching was not associated with long-term negative psychosocial outcomes in children with refractive amblyopia treated with occlusion therapy.