Kazuki Kitabatake1, Eiko Yoshida2, Toshiyuki Kaji2, Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto3. 1. Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan. 2. Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan. 3. Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan. Electronic address: tsukim@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adenosine receptors are involved in tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy. Among them, A2B receptor is highly expressed in various tumors. Furthermore, ionizing radiation induces translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which promotes DNA repair and contributes to radioresistance. We hypothesized that A2B receptor might be involved in the translocation of EGFR. METHODS: We investigated whether A2B receptor is involved in EGFR translocation and DNA damage response (γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation) of lung cancer cells by means of immunofluorescence studies. Radiosensitivity was evaluated by colony formation assay after γ-irradiation. RESULTS: A2B receptor was expressed at higher levels in cancer cells than in normal cells. A2B receptor antagonist treatment or A2B receptor knockdown suppressed EGFR translocation, γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation, and colony formation of lung cancer cell lines A549, calu-6 and NCI-H446, compared with a normal cell line (beas-2b). γ-Irradiation-induced phosphorylation of src and EGFR was also attenuated by suppression of A2B receptor expression. CONCLUSION: Activation of A2B receptor mediates γ-radiation-induced translocation of EGFR and phosphorylation of src and EGFR, thereby promoting recovery of irradiated lung cancer cells from DNA damage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that A2B receptors contribute to radiation resistance in a cancer-cell-specific manner, and may be a promising target for radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy.
BACKGROUND:Adenosine receptors are involved in tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy. Among them, A2B receptor is highly expressed in various tumors. Furthermore, ionizing radiation induces translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which promotes DNA repair and contributes to radioresistance. We hypothesized that A2B receptor might be involved in the translocation of EGFR. METHODS: We investigated whether A2B receptor is involved in EGFR translocation and DNA damage response (γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation) of lung cancer cells by means of immunofluorescence studies. Radiosensitivity was evaluated by colony formation assay after γ-irradiation. RESULTS: A2B receptor was expressed at higher levels in cancer cells than in normal cells. A2B receptor antagonist treatment or A2B receptor knockdown suppressed EGFR translocation, γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation, and colony formation of lung cancer cell lines A549, calu-6 and NCI-H446, compared with a normal cell line (beas-2b). γ-Irradiation-induced phosphorylation of src and EGFR was also attenuated by suppression of A2B receptor expression. CONCLUSION: Activation of A2B receptor mediates γ-radiation-induced translocation of EGFR and phosphorylation of src and EGFR, thereby promoting recovery of irradiated lung cancer cells from DNA damage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that A2B receptors contribute to radiation resistance in a cancer-cell-specific manner, and may be a promising target for radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy.
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