Yong-Gun Kim1, Myoung Ok Kim2, Sung-Hyun Kim3, Hyo Jeong Kim4, Nitin Kumar Pokhrel4, Ji Hye Lee5, Heon-Jin Lee6, Jae-Young Kim4, Youngkyun Lee4. 1. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. 2. Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea. 3. Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam, Korea. 4. Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. 5. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea. 6. Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding teeth that causes destruction of connective tissues. During the progress of periodontitis, osteoclasts are solely accountable for the resorption of alveolar bones that leads to the loss of teeth if not properly treated. Thus, the development of effective anti-resorptive therapies will greatly benefit the treatment of periodontitis patients. In the present study, we suggest an inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol, an ingredient of ginger, on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. METHODS: Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to investigate the effect of 6-shogaol on osteoclast differentiation and intracellular signaling pathways. 6-shogaol significantly reduced osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and resorption. In the presence of 6-shogaol, osteoclast signaling including the RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Ca2+ oscillation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 nuclear translocation was significantly inhibited in vitro. Furthermore, a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice was used to determine the role of 6-shogaol in vivo. RESULTS: The administration of 6-shogaol prevented osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption induced by ligature. Furthermore, the ligature-induced number of macrophages and neutrophils as well as the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were considerably lower in the periodontal tissues following shogaol injection. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of 6-shogaol and suggest the possibility of application as an anti-resorptive strategy in periodontitis.
BACKGROUND:Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding teeth that causes destruction of connective tissues. During the progress of periodontitis, osteoclasts are solely accountable for the resorption of alveolar bones that leads to the loss of teeth if not properly treated. Thus, the development of effective anti-resorptive therapies will greatly benefit the treatment of periodontitispatients. In the present study, we suggest an inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol, an ingredient of ginger, on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. METHODS:Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to investigate the effect of 6-shogaol on osteoclast differentiation and intracellular signaling pathways. 6-shogaol significantly reduced osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and resorption. In the presence of 6-shogaol, osteoclast signaling including the RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Ca2+ oscillation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 nuclear translocation was significantly inhibited in vitro. Furthermore, a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice was used to determine the role of 6-shogaol in vivo. RESULTS: The administration of 6-shogaol prevented osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption induced by ligature. Furthermore, the ligature-induced number of macrophages and neutrophils as well as the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were considerably lower in the periodontal tissues following shogaol injection. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of 6-shogaol and suggest the possibility of application as an anti-resorptive strategy in periodontitis.