Annelies Wilder-Smith1,2. 1. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. anneliesws@gmail.com. 2. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany. anneliesws@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This decade has seen a resurgence of yellow fever (YF) that has also affected travelers with a record number of international travelers infected by YF virus including the first documented importation of YF into Asia. RECENT FINDINGS: The recent resurgence of YF has been attributed largely to sub-optimal vaccination coverage along with waning population-level immunity. New lessons have been learnt with regard to the clinical management of severe YF as a result of the Brazilian outbreak. With increasing YF cases in travelers, travel medicine providers need to familiarize themselves with the diagnosis and clinical management of severe YF. Prevention remains the mainstay, and all efforts need to be taken that travelers do not circumvent the International Health Regulations. More than 80 years of experience with YF vaccine reinforce the generally acceptable safety profile of YF vaccine but highlight the unique serious adverse events of viscerotropic and neurotropic disease, in particular in first-time vaccinees. Continued physician and traveler education regarding the risks and benefits of YF vaccination is needed, with an urgent need to better define "significant and unavoidable risk" for improved benefit-risk assessments.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This decade has seen a resurgence of yellow fever (YF) that has also affected travelers with a record number of international travelers infected by YF virus including the first documented importation of YF into Asia. RECENT FINDINGS: The recent resurgence of YF has been attributed largely to sub-optimal vaccination coverage along with waning population-level immunity. New lessons have been learnt with regard to the clinical management of severe YF as a result of the Brazilian outbreak. With increasing YF cases in travelers, travel medicine providers need to familiarize themselves with the diagnosis and clinical management of severe YF. Prevention remains the mainstay, and all efforts need to be taken that travelers do not circumvent the International Health Regulations. More than 80 years of experience with YF vaccine reinforce the generally acceptable safety profile of YF vaccine but highlight the unique serious adverse events of viscerotropic and neurotropic disease, in particular in first-time vaccinees. Continued physician and traveler education regarding the risks and benefits of YF vaccination is needed, with an urgent need to better define "significant and unavoidable risk" for improved benefit-risk assessments.
Authors: Denise P Cavalcanti; Maria Antonieta Salomão; Jorge Lopez-Camelo; Mônica A Pessoto Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2007-07 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Suely Hiromi Tuboi; Zouraide Guerra Antunes Costa; Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos; Douglas Hatch Journal: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg Date: 2006-06-30 Impact factor: 2.184
Authors: Felipe Barbosa; Elizabeth D Barnett; Philippe Gautret; Patricia Schlagenhauf; Perry J J van Genderen; Martin P Grobusch; Bradley A Connor; Davidson H Hamer; Natasha S Hochberg Journal: J Travel Med Date: 2017-05-01 Impact factor: 8.490
Authors: Ricardo Sanchez-Velazquez; Giuditta de Lorenzo; Rapeepat Tandavanitj; Chayanee Setthapramote; Peter J Bredenbeek; Leonia Bozzacco; Margaret R MacDonald; Jordan J Clark; Charles M Rice; Arvind H Patel; Alain Kohl; Margus Varjak Journal: Antiviral Res Date: 2020-09-24 Impact factor: 5.970