Mario Gaudino1, Andre Lamy2, A Laurie Shroyer3. 1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cornell Medicine, New York, NY. Electronic address: mfg9004@med.cornell.edu. 2. Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 3. Research and Development Office, Northport Veterans Affair Medical Center, Northport, NY.