Sarina Fazio1, Jacqueline Stocking2, Brooks Kuhn2, Amy Doroy3, Emma Blackmon4, Heather M Young5, Jason Y Adams2. 1. Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 2570 48th Street, CA 95817, United States of America; UC Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, CA 95817, United States of America. Electronic address: safazio@ucdavis.edu. 2. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, CA 95817, United States of America. 3. UC Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America. 4. Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 2570 48th Street, CA 95817, United States of America; UC Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America. 5. Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 2570 48th Street, CA 95817, United States of America.
Abstract
AIM: To quantify the type and duration of physical activity performed by hospitalized adults. BACKGROUND: Inactivity is pervasive among hospitalized patients and is associated with increased mortality, functional decline, and cognitive impairment. Objective measurement of activity is necessary to examine associations with clinical outcomes and quantify optimal inpatient mobility interventions. METHODS: We used PRISMA guidelines to search three databases in December 2017 to retrieve original research evaluating activity type and duration among adult acute-care inpatients. We abstracted data on inpatient population, measurement method, monitoring time, activity duration, and study quality. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were included in the review and 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Study populations included geriatric (n = 5), surgical (n = 5), medical (n = 12), post-stroke (n = 10), psychiatric (n = 2), and critical care inpatients (n = 4). To measure activity, 29% of studies used human observation and 71% used activity monitors. Among inpatient populations, 87-100% of time was spent sitting or lying in-bed. Among medical inpatients monitored over a continuous 24-hour period (n = 7), 70 min per day was spent standing/walking (95% CI 57-83 min). CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a baseline assessment and benchmark of inpatient activity, which can be used to compare inpatient mobility practices. While there is substantial heterogeneity in how researchers measure and define how much inpatients move, there is consistent evidence that patients are mostly inactive and in-bed during hospitalization. Future research is needed to establish standardized methods to accurately and consistently measure inpatient mobility over time.
AIM: To quantify the type and duration of physical activity performed by hospitalized adults. BACKGROUND: Inactivity is pervasive among hospitalized patients and is associated with increased mortality, functional decline, and cognitive impairment. Objective measurement of activity is necessary to examine associations with clinical outcomes and quantify optimal inpatient mobility interventions. METHODS: We used PRISMA guidelines to search three databases in December 2017 to retrieve original research evaluating activity type and duration among adult acute-care inpatients. We abstracted data on inpatient population, measurement method, monitoring time, activity duration, and study quality. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were included in the review and 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Study populations included geriatric (n = 5), surgical (n = 5), medical (n = 12), post-stroke (n = 10), psychiatric (n = 2), and critical care inpatients (n = 4). To measure activity, 29% of studies used human observation and 71% used activity monitors. Among inpatient populations, 87-100% of time was spent sitting or lying in-bed. Among medical inpatients monitored over a continuous 24-hour period (n = 7), 70 min per day was spent standing/walking (95% CI 57-83 min). CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a baseline assessment and benchmark of inpatient activity, which can be used to compare inpatient mobility practices. While there is substantial heterogeneity in how researchers measure and define how much inpatients move, there is consistent evidence that patients are mostly inactive and in-bed during hospitalization. Future research is needed to establish standardized methods to accurately and consistently measure inpatient mobility over time.
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