Akinwumi Ayodeji Akinbodewa1, Ademola Oluseyi Adejumo1, Oluwakemi Abiola Lamidi2, Ogunleye Adeyemi3. 1. Department of Medicine, Kidney Care Centre, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, PMB 542, Ondo City, Nigeria. 2. Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, PMB 542, Ondo City, Nigeria. 3. Chemical Pathology Major, Medical Laboratory Science Department, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, PMB 542, Ondo City, Nigeria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is rapidly becoming prevalent among children and adolescents with grave implications for their cardiovascular health. We set out to determine prevalence and pattern of clustering of risk factors and, identify factors (if any) that determine their clustering. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of children (3-9 years) and adolescents (10-17 years) in a rural, agrarian community. Their blood pressure, body mass index and lipids were measured. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. RESULTS: A total of 114 (M : F, 1 : 1.1) subjects were studied. The mean age of children and adolescents were 5.6 ± 2.1 and 12.9 ± 2.2 years respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c; 39.5%), low HDL-c (33.3%), prehypertension (12.3%) and overweight (9.6%). The prevalence of hypertension was higher among females (11.9% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.024) and adolescents (13.2% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.037). Serum levels of non-HDL-c was higher among adolescents than children (50.9% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.013). At least one risk factor was present in 68.4% of the subjects. Clustering of two and three risk factors were present in 18.4% and 6.1%. The presence of prehypertension (χ2 23.93, p < .001), hypertension (χ2 12.19, p = 0.002), high serum non-HDL-c (χ2 6.336, p = 0.011) and high serum total cholesterol (TC; χ2 8.810, p < 0.001) were associated with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION: The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents is high. Identified determinants of risk factor clustering were prehypertension, hypertension, non-HDL-c and TC.
BACKGROUND: Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is rapidly becoming prevalent among children and adolescents with grave implications for their cardiovascular health. We set out to determine prevalence and pattern of clustering of risk factors and, identify factors (if any) that determine their clustering. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of children (3-9 years) and adolescents (10-17 years) in a rural, agrarian community. Their blood pressure, body mass index and lipids were measured. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. RESULTS: A total of 114 (M : F, 1 : 1.1) subjects were studied. The mean age of children and adolescents were 5.6 ± 2.1 and 12.9 ± 2.2 years respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c; 39.5%), low HDL-c (33.3%), prehypertension (12.3%) and overweight (9.6%). The prevalence of hypertension was higher among females (11.9% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.024) and adolescents (13.2% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.037). Serum levels of non-HDL-c was higher among adolescents than children (50.9% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.013). At least one risk factor was present in 68.4% of the subjects. Clustering of two and three risk factors were present in 18.4% and 6.1%. The presence of prehypertension (χ2 23.93, p < .001), hypertension (χ2 12.19, p = 0.002), high serum non-HDL-c (χ2 6.336, p = 0.011) and high serum total cholesterol (TC; χ2 8.810, p < 0.001) were associated with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION: The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents is high. Identified determinants of risk factor clustering were prehypertension, hypertension, non-HDL-c and TC.
Authors: Simone H Crouch; Larske M Soepnel; Andrea Kolkenbeck-Ruh; Innocent Maposa; Sanushka Naidoo; Justine Davies; Shane A Norris; Lisa J Ware Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2021-12-06