How Does Racial Context Matter?: Family Preparation-for-Bias Messages and Racial Coping Reported by Black Youth.

Black families and youth likely consider specific racial discriminatory situations in preparation-for-bias messages and racial coping responses. Our study investigated coping responses embedded in youth-reported Black families' preparation-for-bias messages and youths' proactive coping responses to specific racially discriminatory situations-teachers' negative expectations, store employees' hyper-monitoring and police harassment. Gender and racial discrimination experience differences were considered along with relations between messages and coping. Our investigation was guided by the integrated-developmental, transactional/ecological, intersectionality, and Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory theoretical frameworks. We conducted cluster analyses using data from 117 Black youth aged 13-14 to identify situation-specific family messages and youth coping responses. Families' messages and youths' responses varied in content and frequency based on the specific discriminatory situation, which suggests consideration of context.