The association between early exposure to violence in emerging adulthood and substance use in early-adulthood among inner-city individuals.

This study investigated whether being exposed to violence early in life is a risk factor for substance use later in life. Tenets of the stress-coping model and the self-medication hypothesis guided the analyses. Participants included 850 individuals from an economically challenged, urban community in Flint, MI (83% Black/African American; 50% male). Exposure to violence was measured four times in sequential years during emerging adulthood (ages 20-23), and substance use four times during early-adulthood (ages 29-32). Multilevel growth models investigated the relationship between early exposure to violence and later rates of substance use. Youth who had above average exposure to violence during emerging adulthood had increasing substance use during early-adulthood compared to those with a below average score, after controlling for prior use. These findings may inform practitioners to screen for substance use among individuals exposed to violence, and intervene earlier before substance use becomes problematic.