| Literature DB >> 31650947 |
Wei Qiu1, Ke Zheng1, Hanping Wang2, Xiaoyan Si2, Xiaotong Zhang2, Xuemei Li1, Li Zhang2.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used more and more Increasingly in clinical oncology treatment, which has significantly improved the prognosis of cancer patients. Over-activation of T cells and related signaling pathways may cause immune-related adverse effects. Renal immune side-effects are relatively rare, but some of them are serious and fatal. This review analyses of the Incidence, clinical and pathological manifestations of ICIs-induced renal injury, and focuses on the differential diagnosis and treatment. Because there are many secondary factors that need to be differentiated from immune mechanism, renal biopsy should be performed if necessary to determine the important decision.Entities:
Keywords: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immune-related nephrotoxicity
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31650947 PMCID: PMC6817426 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.10.07
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
ICIs尿常规及肌酐的管理
Recommendations on management of routine urine test and serum creatine on ICIs therapy
| Conditions | Work-up | ICIs management | Treatment |
| ICIs: immuno-checkpoint inhibitors; sCr: serum creatinine; UPro: urinary protein. | |||
| sCr 1-1.5×baseline UPro≥2+ | Rule out other factors | Continue | Discontinue potential nephrotoxic drugs Correct prerenal factors |
| Leukocyturia (> 5 wbc/hpf) | Check after 1 week | ||
| sCr 1.5-3.0×baseline UPro≥2+ | Rule out other factors | Withhold therapy | Discontinue potential nephrotoxic drugs When kidney biopsy confirms ATIN: |
| Leukocyturia (> 5 wbc/hpf) | Consider kidney biopsy | Prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/d-1.0 mg/kg/d or equivalent and continue until improvement to mild. Taper over 1 months | |
| sCr > 3.0×baseline UPro≥2+ | Rule out other factors | Withhold therapy | Discontinue potential nephrotoxic drugs When kidney biopsy confirms ATIN: |
| Leukocyturia (> 5 wbc/hpf) | Perform kidney biopsy | Prednisolone 1.0 mg/kg/d-2.0 mg/kg/d or equivalent and continue until improvement to mild. | |
| Taper over 1 months | |||
ICIs尿蛋白定量的管理
Recommendations on management of proteinuria on ICIs therapy
| Conditions | Work-up | ICIs management | Treatment |
| Upro < 1 g/24 h | Rule out other factors | Continue | Observe if urine sediment shows negative |
| Upro 1-3.5 g/24 h | Rule out other factors | When kidney biopsy confirms:Withhold therapy | Treat the diagnosed glomerular disease |
| Upro > 3.5 g/24 h | Perform kidney biopsy | When kidney biopsy confirms:Withhold therapy | Treat the diagnosed glomerular disease |
AKI的处理(NCCN 2019V2-免疫治疗相关毒性管理)
Management of AKI(NCCN 2019 V2 management of immunotherapy-related toxicities)
| Conditions | Work-up | Management |
| CTX: Cyclophosphamide; AZA: Azathioprine; CsA: Cyclosporine; MMF: Mycophenolate; NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. | ||
| Mild (Grade 1) | sCr 1-1.5×baseline or increase 0.3 mg/dL | Withhold ICIs |
| Moderate (Grade 2) | sCr 2-3×baseline | Withhold ICIs |
| Severe (Grade 3) | sCr > 3×baseline | Permanently discontinue ICIs |
| or > 4 mg/dL | Nephrology consultation | |
| Life-Threatening (Grade 4) | sCr > 6×baseline | If > G2 after 1 week of steroids |
| Or dialysis indicated | ||