| Literature DB >> 31650944 |
Xiaoxiao Guo1, Hanping Wang2, Jiaxin Zhou3, Lian Duan4, Yue Li5, Xiaoyan Si2, Li Zhang2, Ligang Fang1, Li Zhang2.
Abstract
Immunotherapy of malignant tumors has become a hot spot in the field of cancer research and treatment, bringing new hope to patients with advanced cancer. Activation of molecular programmer death protein-1 and T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-related signaling pathways at the immunological checkpoint can inhibit T lymphocyte activation and thereby block the inflammatory response. Tumor cells achieve immune escape by activating the molecular pathways associated with immune checkpoints. The immune checkpoint inhibitor can wake up T lymphocytes and enhance the body's clearance of tumor cells. However, the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors is not specific to tumor cells, and it can cause side effects of multiple systems including the cardiovascular system while killing tumor cells. We will summarize the relevant cardiac side effects and give advice on how to manage it.Entities:
Keywords: Cardiovascular toxicities; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy-related toxicities; Myocarditis
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31650944 PMCID: PMC6817436 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.10.04
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
1ICI相关心脏副作用的诊断流程图
Diagnostic flow chart of ICI-related cardiac side effects. ASAP: As soon as possible; CRP: C reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; cTnI:cardiac troponin I; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; ECG: electrocardiogram; Echo: chocardiography; CAG: coronary angiography; CCTA: coronary computed tomography angiography; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance.
ICI常见心脏副反应处理建议
Recommendations for the management of common cardiac side effects in ICI
| Immunosuppressants | Therapy for heart disease | |
| ECG:electrocardiogram;Echo:echocardiography;BNP:brain natriuretic peptide;NSAIDs: Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs. | ||
| Confirmed myocarditis | Methylprednisolone 500 mg-1, 000 mg daily and intravenous immunoglobulin until clinically stable, followed by oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg once daily; If not stable, infliximab/anti-thymocyte globulin/abatacept/plasmapheresis | Diuretics, ACE inhibitor; |
| New left ventricular systolic dysfunction without inflammation | No | According to the heart failure guideline (diuretics, ACEI, |
| Takotsubo syndrome | No | diuretics, ACEI, |
| Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation | Intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg-1, 000 mg daily if myocarditis evident until clinically stable and troponin-negative, followed by oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg once daily | Emergency defibrillation; If hemodynamic stable, consider amiodarone or lidocaine or |
| New advanced conduction disease (second-degree or third-degree heart block) | Consider intravenous methylprednisolone if coexisting myocarditis | Emergency pacing |
| New atrial fibrillation/flutter (Exclude myocarditis) | No | Closely observe troponin,BNP, ECG, Echo; Find underlying disease: hypoxia, infection, thyroid dysfunction |
| Pericarditis with/without cardiac tamponade | Consider intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg-1, 000 mg daily until clinically stable. | Emergency pericardiocentesis if needed. Consider NSAIDs |
| Acute myocardial infarction | If consider coronary arteritis, intravenous methylprednisolone is indicated | Emergency coronary angiography. Antiplatelet, statin, ACE inhibitor; |
| New asymptomatic increase in cardiac troponin | No | Closely observe troponin,BNP, ECG, Echo |
| Supraventricular tachycardia | No | Closely observe troponin,BNP, ECG, Echo; Find underlying disease: hypoxia, infection, thyroid dysfunction |