Zoe Aitken1, Julie Anne Simpson2, Rebecca Bentley3, Allison Milner4, Anthony Daniel LaMontagne5, Anne Marie Kavanagh4. 1. Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010, Carlton, VIC, Australia. zoe.aitken@unimelb.edu.au. 2. Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010, Carlton, VIC, Australia. 3. Gender and Women's Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010, Carlton, VIC, Australia. 4. Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, 3010, Carlton, VIC, Australia. 5. Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, 3125, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Longitudinal studies have suggested a causal relationship between disability acquisition and mental health, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect. Previous studies have provided evidence that socioeconomic characteristics can buffer the effect but have not examined the role of employment characteristics. METHODS: We used data from 17 annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to compare the mental health of working age individuals before and after disability acquisition, using the Mental Health Inventory, a subscale of the SF-36 health questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the effect of disability acquisition on mental health. We tested for effect modification by two characteristics of people's employment prior to disability acquisition: occupational skill level and contract type. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to handle missing data. RESULTS: Disability acquisition was associated with a substantial decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: - 4.3, 95% CI - 5.0, - 3.5). There was evidence of effect modification by occupational skill level, with the largest effects seen for those in low-skilled jobs (- 6.1, 95% CI - 7.6, - 4.5), but not for contract type. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need for social and health policies that focus on increasing employment rates, improving the sustainability of employment, and providing employment services and education and training opportunities for people who acquire a disability, particularly for people in low-skilled occupations, to reduce the mental health inequalities experienced by people with disabilities.
PURPOSE: Longitudinal studies have suggested a causal relationship between disability acquisition and mental health, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect. Previous studies have provided evidence that socioeconomic characteristics can buffer the effect but have not examined the role of employment characteristics. METHODS: We used data from 17 annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to compare the mental health of working age individuals before and after disability acquisition, using the Mental Health Inventory, a subscale of the SF-36 health questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the effect of disability acquisition on mental health. We tested for effect modification by two characteristics of people's employment prior to disability acquisition: occupational skill level and contract type. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to handle missing data. RESULTS:Disability acquisition was associated with a substantial decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: - 4.3, 95% CI - 5.0, - 3.5). There was evidence of effect modification by occupational skill level, with the largest effects seen for those in low-skilled jobs (- 6.1, 95% CI - 7.6, - 4.5), but not for contract type. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need for social and health policies that focus on increasing employment rates, improving the sustainability of employment, and providing employment services and education and training opportunities for people who acquire a disability, particularly for people in low-skilled occupations, to reduce the mental health inequalities experienced by people with disabilities.
Entities:
Keywords:
Disability; Effect modification; Employment; Health inequalities; Mental health; Social epidemiology
Authors: Isabelle Weld-Blundell; Marissa Shields; Alexandra Devine; Helen Dickinson; Anne Kavanagh; Claudia Marck Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-11-17 Impact factor: 3.390