Z-H Yang1, Y-J Lu, K-P Gu, Z-Y Xiang, H-M Huang. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Sanmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China. heminghw@163.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the sham group (n=10), MIRI group (model group, n=10), UTI group (n=10), UTI + JNK inhibitor SP600125 (UTI+SP600125 group, n=10) and UTI + p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (UTI+SB203580 group, n=10). Hemodynamics, myocardial infarction and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of p38 MAPK, JNK, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared among groups. The protein levels of p38 MAPK and JNK in serum were detected via Western blotting. Furthermore, the correlations of serum p38 MAPK and JNK with TNF-α were analyzed. RESULTS: In the UTI group, the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase of the left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) were significantly higher than those of the model group. However, the maximal rate of the decrease of the left ventricular pressure (-dp/dtmax), infarction area and ischemia area were significantly smaller than those of the model group. LVSP, LVEDP and +dp/dtmax in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group were markedly higher than those of the UTI group. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p38 MAPK and JNK in the UTI group were significantly lower than those of the model group. However, the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK and JNK in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group were remarkably higher than the UTI group. Besides, the UTI group showed a markedly higher level of SOD and significantly lower levels of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP than the model group. Furthermore, UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group showed significantly higher levels of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP than the UTI group. The protein levels p38 MAPK and JNK were remarkably lower in the UTI group than those of the model group. However, they were remarkably higher in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group than the UTI group. In addition, both p38 MAPK and JNK proteins were positively correlated with TNF-α (r=0.983 and 0.892, p=0.043 and p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: UTI may inhibit MIRI caused by p38 MAPK signaling pathway and JNK signaling pathway by down-regulating TNF-α expression, thereby protecting and improving MIR.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the sham group (n=10), MIRI group (model group, n=10), UTI group (n=10), UTI + JNK inhibitor SP600125 (UTI+SP600125 group, n=10) and UTI + p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (UTI+SB203580 group, n=10). Hemodynamics, myocardial infarction and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of p38 MAPK, JNK, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared among groups. The protein levels of p38 MAPK and JNK in serum were detected via Western blotting. Furthermore, the correlations of serum p38 MAPK and JNK with TNF-α were analyzed. RESULTS: In the UTI group, the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase of the left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) were significantly higher than those of the model group. However, the maximal rate of the decrease of the left ventricular pressure (-dp/dtmax), infarction area and ischemia area were significantly smaller than those of the model group. LVSP, LVEDP and +dp/dtmax in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group were markedly higher than those of the UTI group. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p38 MAPK and JNK in the UTI group were significantly lower than those of the model group. However, the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK and JNK in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group were remarkably higher than the UTI group. Besides, the UTI group showed a markedly higher level of SOD and significantly lower levels of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP than the model group. Furthermore, UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group showed significantly higher levels of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP than the UTI group. The protein levels p38 MAPK and JNK were remarkably lower in the UTI group than those of the model group. However, they were remarkably higher in UTI+SP600125 group and UTI+SB203580 group than the UTI group. In addition, both p38 MAPK and JNK proteins were positively correlated with TNF-α (r=0.983 and 0.892, p=0.043 and p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: UTI may inhibit MIRI caused by p38 MAPK signaling pathway and JNK signaling pathway by down-regulating TNF-α expression, thereby protecting and improving MIR.