Enzymatic biosensors for the quantification of biogenic amines: a literature update.

The present review emphasizes on the quantification of biogenic amines (BAs) which are regarded as a quality indicator of food freshness or spoilage and for evaluating microbial action while food processing. BAs have various potential adverse effects on human health and they are widely found in varying concentrations in different food stuffs. In the quest for a reliable method for their precise detection, BA biosensors have emerged as an efficient tool which enables rapid and accurate assessment in miniature form. Various combinations of amine oxidase enzymes have been used for the fabrication of biosensors in order to enhance specific biorecognition and signal transduction. This article also summarizes the widely employed components used in the construction of a pertinent biosensor and the research results conducted previously. The meticulous description regarding the choice of transducers and the significant role of mediators in a high response biosensor has been reviewed. Moreover, it also encompasses the utilization of highly attractive electrolytic characteristics of nanoparticles to enhance the specificity and accuracy of BA biosensors.