Stephen Liu1, Alana Vivolo-Kantor2. 1. Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Electronic address: SLiu@cdc.gov. 2. Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Polysubstance use and misuse can increase risks for nonfatal and fatal drug overdose. To categorize drugs used in combination in nonfatal overdoses, we analyzed data from emergency department (ED) overdose-related visits in 18 states funded by CDC's Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program. METHODS: From 2017 to 2018, 120,706 ED visits included at least one hospital discharge code indicating acute drug poisoning for opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, anti-depressants, sedatives, alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other psychotropic drugs. Latent class analyses were conducted to determine the groupings of drug combinations in overdose visits. RESULTS: Latent class analyses indicated a model of 5 classes - mostly heroin overdose (42.5% of visits); mostly non-heroin opioid overdose/use (27.3%); opioid, polysubstance (11.0%); female, younger (<25 years), other non-opioid drugs (10.5%); female, older (>55 years), benzodiazepine (8.0%). Findings indicated that heroin continues to be a large burden to EDs, yet EDs are also seeing overdose survivors with polydrug toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Medication-assisted treatment could be initiated in the emergency department following overdose for patients with opioid use disorder, and post-overdose protocols, such as naloxone provision and linkage to treatment and harm reduction services, have the potential to prevent future overdose for those at risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
INTRODUCTION: Polysubstance use and misuse can increase risks for nonfatal and fatal drug overdose. To categorize drugs used in combination in nonfatal overdoses, we analyzed data from emergency department (ED) overdose-related visits in 18 states funded by CDC's Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program. METHODS: From 2017 to 2018, 120,706 ED visits included at least one hospital discharge code indicating acute drug poisoning for opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, anti-depressants, sedatives, alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other psychotropic drugs. Latent class analyses were conducted to determine the groupings of drug combinations in overdose visits. RESULTS: Latent class analyses indicated a model of 5 classes - mostly heroinoverdose (42.5% of visits); mostly non-heroinopioid overdose/use (27.3%); opioid, polysubstance (11.0%); female, younger (<25 years), other non-opioid drugs (10.5%); female, older (>55 years), benzodiazepine (8.0%). Findings indicated that heroin continues to be a large burden to EDs, yet EDs are also seeing overdose survivors with polydrug toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Medication-assisted treatment could be initiated in the emergency department following overdose for patients with opioid use disorder, and post-overdose protocols, such as naloxone provision and linkage to treatment and harm reduction services, have the potential to prevent future overdose for those at risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Entities:
Keywords:
Drug overdose; Emergency department; Opioid; Polysubstance use
Authors: Maarit K Koivisto; Jouko Miettunen; Jonna Levola; Antti Mustonen; Anni-Emilia Alakokkare; Caroline L Salom; Solja Niemelä Journal: Eur J Public Health Date: 2022-10-03 Impact factor: 4.424
Authors: Hind A Beydoun; Catherine Butt; May A Beydoun; Shaker M Eid; Alan B Zonderman; Brick Johnstone Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-07-02 Impact factor: 4.996