The intersection of intimate partner violence and substance use among women with opioid use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Women with opioid use disorder (OUD) report high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and there is limited understanding of how IPV influences substance use behaviors among women with OUD.
Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 40 women with OUD participating in an ongoing clinical trial evaluating postpartum contraceptive utilization patterns for this population. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and lasted approximately 45 min. Interview questions focused on women's perceptions and experiences with IPV and how these experiences impacted their substance use behaviors. Transcripts were coded independently in Atlas.ti and qualitatively analyzed using a general qualitative inquiry approach for emerging themes.
Results: Participants were aged 24-29, and the majority were white, single, unemployed, had Medicaid insurance and a high school degree. Although personal IPV experiences were not necessary to be selected for this qualitative sub-study, all participants reported some lifetime experience with IPV. Four overarching themes emerged: (1) women attributed physical IPV to their partner's substance use; (2) emotional abuse prevented women from fully engaging in their recovery; (3) financial abuse prevented women from gaining independence from abusive partners; and (4) women coped with IPV experiences through substance use. Conclusions: IPV had a significant influence on women's substance use behaviors including their perceived risk of relapse and treatment discontinuation. These findings demonstrate the need to integrate assessment, evaluation and management of IPV into substance use treatment settings.