Targeted treatment approaches in refractory germ cell tumors.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of solid tumor amongst patients between 15 and 35 years of age. They are also one of the types of tumor with the highest cure rate, due to their high sensitivity to cisplatin based chemotherapy. Nonetheless, around 15-20% of metastatic patients will not have curative options after a relapse on the first and second line. This proves that new therapeutic options for these refractory GCTs patients need to be developed. This article offers a bibliographic review of all studies using targeted treatment or immunotherapy for refractory GCTs patients. Published by Elsevier B.V.