Robert-Paul Juster1,2,3,4, Margot Barbosa de Torre5,6,7, Philippe Kerr8,5,6, Sarah Kheloui8,5,6, Mathias Rossi8,5,6, Olivier Bourdon5,6,9. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. robert-paul.juster@umontreal.ca. 2. Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. robert-paul.juster@umontreal.ca. 3. Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada. robert-paul.juster@umontreal.ca. 4. , Montréal, Canada. robert-paul.juster@umontreal.ca. 5. Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. 6. Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience (CESAR), Montreal, Canada. 7. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 8. Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 9. Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
Abstract
Measuring biological sex differences and socio-cultural gender diversity provides insights into individual variation in stress physiology and the development of "sex-specific" diseases. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this selective review, we summarize recent findings that assess sex and gender in relation to the stress hormone cortisol and multi-systemic physiological dysregulation called allostatic load. The focus of this research centers on workers as well as sexual and gender minorities as these populations provide unique insights into sex and gender at various levels of analysis from the micro-level to the macro-level. RECENT FINDINGS: Male/female sex, sex hormones, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation are all variables that are distinctly correlated with stress physiology. Beyond identifying patterns of vulnerability to stress-related diseases, pathways towards resilience are of high priority in emerging literature. Stress scientists must account for both sex and gender in biobehavioral research. Future directions should assess macro-level constructs like institutionalized gender, occupational sex composition, and structural stigma to better understand the social determinants of health.
Measuring biological sex differences and socio-cultural gender diversity provides insights into individual variation in stress physiology and the development of "sex-specific" diseases. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this selective review, we summarize recent findings that assess sex and gender in relation to the stress hormone cortisol and multi-systemic physiological dysregulation called allostatic load. The focus of this research centers on workers as well as sexual and gender minorities as these populations provide unique insights into sex and gender at various levels of analysis from the micro-level to the macro-level. RECENT FINDINGS: Male/female sex, sex hormones, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation are all variables that are distinctly correlated with stress physiology. Beyond identifying patterns of vulnerability to stress-related diseases, pathways towards resilience are of high priority in emerging literature. Stress scientists must account for both sex and gender in biobehavioral research. Future directions should assess macro-level constructs like institutionalized gender, occupational sex composition, and structural stigma to better understand the social determinants of health.
Authors: Vickie M Mays; Robert-Paul Juster; Timothy J Williamson; Teresa E Seeman; Susan D Cochran Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2018 Jul/Aug Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Sabra L Klein; Londa Schiebinger; Marcia L Stefanick; Larry Cahill; Jayne Danska; Geert J de Vries; Melina R Kibbe; Margaret M McCarthy; Jeffrey S Mogil; Teresa K Woodruff; Irving Zucker Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2015-04-20 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Anna Nyberg; Linda L Magnusson Hanson; Constanze Leineweber; Anne Hammarström; Töres Theorell Journal: Scand J Public Health Date: 2017-12-05 Impact factor: 3.021
Authors: Walter O Bockting; Michael H Miner; Rebecca E Swinburne Romine; Autumn Hamilton; Eli Coleman Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2013-03-14 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Jeanne M McCaffery; Anna L Marsland; Kelley Strohacker; Matthew F Muldoon; Stephen B Manuck Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-10-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Katrina L Kezios; Shakira F Suglia; David Matthew Doyle; Ezra Susser; Gary Bradwin; Piera Cirillo; Barbara Cohn; Bruce Link; Pam Factor-Litvak Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2022-02-12 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Ada Cheung; Boris Novakovic; Rebecca Shepherd; Ingrid Bretherton; Ken Pang; Toby Mansell; Anna Czajko; Bowon Kim; Amanda Vlahos; Jeffrey D Zajac; Richard Saffery Journal: Clin Epigenetics Date: 2022-02-17 Impact factor: 6.551
Authors: Christina P Tadiri; Teresa Gisinger; Alexandra Kautzky-Willer; Karolina Kublickiene; Maria Trinidad Herrero; Colleen M Norris; Valeria Raparelli; Louise Pilote Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-07-31 Impact factor: 3.295