Shan Gao1, Lingyan Li2, Lan Li2, Jingyu Ni2, Rui Guo2, Jingyuan Mao3, Guanwei Fan4. 1. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China. 2. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China. 3. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China. 4. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China. Electronic address: fgw1005@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling is a major pathological process of normal heart failure. With the aging of society, poor diet control, social, psychological and other risk factors in our country, the incidence of myocardial infarction and hypertension is reported to increase yearly. Many treatment methods have effectively delayed the occurrence of ventricular remodeling. However, in order to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of ventricular remodeling, the new treatment strategy cannot be ignored. METHODS: In this study, we used male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old), weight 23 g-27 g, SPF grade. According to the established methods of the research group, the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery (LAD) was used to make the model of myocardial ischemia, and which was evaluated by the change of EF value in mice. The experiment included seven groups: sham operation group, model group, metoprolol group, puerarin group, tanshinone IIA group, tanshinone IIA: puerarin =1:1 group, tanshinone IIA: puerarin =1:2 group. The changes of cardiac function in each group were observed by echocardiography and hemodynamics after the drug delivery cycle was 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d. Detection of 3d serum enzyme indexes LDH, CK and CK-MB by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of CD11b, F4/80, Ly6C in cardiac tissues were detected by flow cytometry at 3d and 7d. The expression of IL-1β and TNF- α in serum were detected by ELISA. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS and other related genes were detected by RT-PCR method. HE, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the changes of myocardial histomorphology in mice. We also examined the effects of different drug treatments on the proliferation and function of Raw264.7 cells, H9C2 cells and HUVECs. Western blot examined the effects of different drug treatments on the expression of inflammatory pathway related proteins TLR4 and C/EBP-β. RESULTS: 1. Echocardiographic results showed that with the prolongation of ischemic time, the ejection fraction of the model group, the shortening rate of the short axis of the left ventricle, the flow rate of the outflow tract were significantly decreased, and the structure of the ventricle was significantly changed. Hemodynamic tests showed that the maximum and maximum rate of decline in the post-ischemia model group were significantly reduced, with increased systolic and diastolic volume, and a decrease in pressure difference. After treatment with drugs, all groups improved, but tanshinone IIA: puerarin = 1:1 group can significantly improve the above indicators after 28d of administration, which can effectively relieve the deterioration of cardiac function caused by acute myocardial infarction. 2. After administration for 3 and 7 days, the inflammatory cell CD11b monocytes and the F4/80 phenotype macrophages in heart tissue were detected by flow cytometry, and it was found that tanshinone IIA: puerarin = 1:1 can inhibit the release of inflammatory cells. The results of RT-PCR showed that the tanshinone IIA: puerarin = 1:1 group significantly improved the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and iNOS. In the immunohistochemical analysis of iNOS and Arg-1, the tanshinone IIA and puerarin 1:1 treatment group was able to inhibit the expression of M1 macrophages in the early stage of inflammation and promote the expression of M2 macrophages. 3. The cardiac index increased significantly and the serum TGF-β increased after 28d. The combination of tanshinone IIA and puerarin could significantly reduce these indexes. HE, Masson, Sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were found in the combination of tanshinone IIA and puerarin can significantly reduce the structure of acute ischemic myocardial cell damage and interstitial edema, reduce collagen synthesis, and fibroblasts release, thereby inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and heart remodeling. 4. MTT assay showed a significantly greater proliferation of above two cells types treated with tanshinone IIA: puerarin =1:1 and more nodes and meshes were found in tanshinone IIA: puerarin =1:1 group compared with other groups. 5. The combination of tanshinone IIA and puerarin could regulate inflammation through inhibiting the expression of TLR4 protein, but up-regulating the expression of C/EBP-β protein. CONCLUSION: The combination of tanshinone IIA and puerarin inhibits the immersion of inflammatory cells. Improving hemodynamics by improving cardiac function, reducing the destruction of cardiac myocytes, reducing collagen synthesis, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling. Through the whole experiment, tanshinone IIA: puerarin = 1:1 is the best.
BACKGROUND:Ventricular remodeling is a major pathological process of normal heart failure. With the aging of society, poor diet control, social, psychological and other risk factors in our country, the incidence of myocardial infarction and hypertension is reported to increase yearly. Many treatment methods have effectively delayed the occurrence of ventricular remodeling. However, in order to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of ventricular remodeling, the new treatment strategy cannot be ignored. METHODS: In this study, we used male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old), weight 23 g-27 g, SPF grade. According to the established methods of the research group, the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery (LAD) was used to make the model of myocardial ischemia, and which was evaluated by the change of EF value in mice. The experiment included seven groups: sham operation group, model group, metoprolol group, puerarin group, tanshinoneIIA group, tanshinoneIIA: puerarin =1:1 group, tanshinoneIIA: puerarin =1:2 group. The changes of cardiac function in each group were observed by echocardiography and hemodynamics after the drug delivery cycle was 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d. Detection of 3d serum enzyme indexes LDH, CK and CK-MB by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of CD11b, F4/80, Ly6C in cardiac tissues were detected by flow cytometry at 3d and 7d. The expression of IL-1β and TNF- α in serum were detected by ELISA. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS and other related genes were detected by RT-PCR method. HE, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the changes of myocardial histomorphology in mice. We also examined the effects of different drug treatments on the proliferation and function of Raw264.7 cells, H9C2 cells and HUVECs. Western blot examined the effects of different drug treatments on the expression of inflammatory pathway related proteins TLR4 and C/EBP-β. RESULTS: 1. Echocardiographic results showed that with the prolongation of ischemic time, the ejection fraction of the model group, the shortening rate of the short axis of the left ventricle, the flow rate of the outflow tract were significantly decreased, and the structure of the ventricle was significantly changed. Hemodynamic tests showed that the maximum and maximum rate of decline in the post-ischemia model group were significantly reduced, with increased systolic and diastolic volume, and a decrease in pressure difference. After treatment with drugs, all groups improved, but tanshinoneIIA: puerarin = 1:1 group can significantly improve the above indicators after 28d of administration, which can effectively relieve the deterioration of cardiac function caused by acute myocardial infarction. 2. After administration for 3 and 7 days, the inflammatory cell CD11b monocytes and the F4/80 phenotype macrophages in heart tissue were detected by flow cytometry, and it was found that tanshinoneIIA: puerarin = 1:1 can inhibit the release of inflammatory cells. The results of RT-PCR showed that the tanshinoneIIA: puerarin = 1:1 group significantly improved the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and iNOS. In the immunohistochemical analysis of iNOS and Arg-1, the tanshinoneIIA and puerarin 1:1 treatment group was able to inhibit the expression of M1 macrophages in the early stage of inflammation and promote the expression of M2 macrophages. 3. The cardiac index increased significantly and the serum TGF-β increased after 28d. The combination of tanshinoneIIA and puerarin could significantly reduce these indexes. HE, Masson, Sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were found in the combination of tanshinoneIIA and puerarin can significantly reduce the structure of acute ischemic myocardial cell damage and interstitial edema, reduce collagen synthesis, and fibroblasts release, thereby inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and heart remodeling. 4. MTT assay showed a significantly greater proliferation of above two cells types treated with tanshinoneIIA: puerarin =1:1 and more nodes and meshes were found in tanshinoneIIA: puerarin =1:1 group compared with other groups. 5. The combination of tanshinoneIIA and puerarin could regulate inflammation through inhibiting the expression of TLR4 protein, but up-regulating the expression of C/EBP-β protein. CONCLUSION: The combination of tanshinoneIIA and puerarin inhibits the immersion of inflammatory cells. Improving hemodynamics by improving cardiac function, reducing the destruction of cardiac myocytes, reducing collagen synthesis, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling. Through the whole experiment, tanshinoneIIA: puerarin = 1:1 is the best.
Authors: Huan Zhao; Bing Han; Xuan Li; Chengtao Sun; Yufei Zhai; Man Li; Mi Jiang; Weiping Zhang; Yi Liang; Guoyin Kai Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2022-05-05 Impact factor: 5.988
Authors: Débora Falcón; Isabel Galeano-Otero; Marta Martín-Bórnez; María Fernández-Velasco; Isabel Gallardo-Castillo; Juan A Rosado; Antonio Ordóñez; Tarik Smani Journal: Cells Date: 2020-01-10 Impact factor: 6.600