Natalia Angarita-Osorio1, Adrián Pérez-Aranda1,2,3, Albert Feliu-Soler1,2,3, Laura Andrés-Rodríguez1,2,3,4, Xavier Borràs1,4, Carlos Suso-Ribera5, Mahmoud Slim6, Paola Herrera-Mercadal7, Rita Fernández-Vergel8,9, Mª Elena Blanco9,10, Juan V Luciano1,2,3. 1. Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain (AGORA), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain. 2. Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain. 3. Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain. 4. Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 5. Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain. 6. Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 8. SAP Delta Llobregat, DAP Costa Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Catalonia, Spain. 9. Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain. 10. Primary Health Centre Bartomeu Fabrés Anglada, SAP Delta Llobregat, Unitat Docent Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Gavà, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and highly disabling chronic pain syndrome. However, differences among patients regarding how pain impacts on daily life are remarkable. The main aim of this study was to identify clinical and pain-related cognitive variables characterizing patients reporting high adaptability despite experiencing severe chronic pain. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-three Spanish patients with FM with high levels of pain were classified into 2 groups: (1) those reporting low impact of the syndrome, and (2) those with moderate-to-high impact. Perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms along with pain catastrophizing, psychological inflexibility, and perceived control over pain were evaluated. Differences in sociodemographics, years with FM, past/current major depressive disorder comorbidity, and health-related economic costs (ie, medications, use of medical services, lost productivity due to sick leave) were also assessed. Stepwise logistic regression analyses predicting group membership from clinical variables and pain-related cognitive processes as predictors were performed. RESULTS: Lower stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, along with reduced pain catastrophism, psychological inflexibility, and perceived control over pain, were found in the low-impact group. Significant predictors of group membership (low-impact vs. moderate-to-high impact) in regression analyses were "cognitive fusion" (psychological inflexibility), "helplessness" (pain catastrophizing), and depressive symptomatology, together with pain intensity and other FM symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides further evidence on resilience resources in chronic pain by identifying some variables (ie, reduced depressive symptomatology, pain catastrophizing, and psychological inflexibility) differentially characterizing a profile of patients with FM who are especially able to adapt to high levels of pain.
BACKGROUND:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and highly disabling chronic pain syndrome. However, differences among patients regarding how pain impacts on daily life are remarkable. The main aim of this study was to identify clinical and pain-related cognitive variables characterizing patients reporting high adaptability despite experiencing severe chronic pain. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-three Spanish patients with FM with high levels of pain were classified into 2 groups: (1) those reporting low impact of the syndrome, and (2) those with moderate-to-high impact. Perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms along with pain catastrophizing, psychological inflexibility, and perceived control over pain were evaluated. Differences in sociodemographics, years with FM, past/current major depressive disorder comorbidity, and health-related economic costs (ie, medications, use of medical services, lost productivity due to sick leave) were also assessed. Stepwise logistic regression analyses predicting group membership from clinical variables and pain-related cognitive processes as predictors were performed. RESULTS: Lower stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, along with reduced pain catastrophism, psychological inflexibility, and perceived control over pain, were found in the low-impact group. Significant predictors of group membership (low-impact vs. moderate-to-high impact) in regression analyses were "cognitive fusion" (psychological inflexibility), "helplessness" (pain catastrophizing), and depressive symptomatology, together with pain intensity and other FM symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides further evidence on resilience resources in chronic pain by identifying some variables (ie, reduced depressive symptomatology, pain catastrophizing, and psychological inflexibility) differentially characterizing a profile of patients with FM who are especially able to adapt to high levels of pain.
Authors: Bernard X W Liew; Juan Antonio Valera-Calero; Umut Varol; Jo Nijs; Lars Arendt-Nielsen; Gustavo Plaza-Manzano; César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas Journal: Biomedicines Date: 2022-05-20
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