Nicole K Brockman1, Ronald J Sigal2, Glen P Kenny3, Michael C Riddell4, Bruce A Perkins5, Jane E Yardley6. 1. Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada. 2. Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3. School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 4. School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Diabetes Clinical Research Unit, Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada; Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: jane.yardley@ualberta.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In adults with type 1 diabetes, resistance exercise (RE) is associated with more stable blood glucose (BG) levels than aerobic exercise, both during and after exercise. In individuals without diabetes, growth hormone and epinephrine responses to RE differ between the sexes. These hormones are known to affect BG levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. In this study, we explored whether sex-related differences may exist in BG responses to RE in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from 2 studies with identical RE protocols for individuals with type 1 diabetes (13 males, age range 16 to 63 years; 10 females, age range 19 to 45 years). The RE session consisted of 7 resistance-based exercises performed at 5 pm. Plasma glucose samples were collected before, immediately after and 1 h after exercise. Interstitial glucose levels were recorded through blinded continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during and 24 h after exercise. RESULTS: There was a significant sex-by-time interaction (p<0.001) in plasma glucose responses to RE. Plasma glucose decreased significantly in males from 8.6±2.5 to 6.3±2.1 mmol/L (p<0.001) during exercise, whereas females experienced no significant change (7.2±1.3 to 7.3±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.999). In the 6 h after RE, males developed significantly more hypoglycemia, as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Males may have a greater risk of hypoglycemia with an acute bout of RE than females. Further research is needed to examine this phenomenon more closely, as sex-specific recommendations for preventing hypoglycemia around RE may be necessary in type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: In adults with type 1 diabetes, resistance exercise (RE) is associated with more stable blood glucose (BG) levels than aerobic exercise, both during and after exercise. In individuals without diabetes, growth hormone and epinephrine responses to RE differ between the sexes. These hormones are known to affect BG levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. In this study, we explored whether sex-related differences may exist in BG responses to RE in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from 2 studies with identical RE protocols for individuals with type 1 diabetes (13 males, age range 16 to 63 years; 10 females, age range 19 to 45 years). The RE session consisted of 7 resistance-based exercises performed at 5 pm. Plasma glucose samples were collected before, immediately after and 1 h after exercise. Interstitial glucose levels were recorded through blinded continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during and 24 h after exercise. RESULTS: There was a significant sex-by-time interaction (p<0.001) in plasma glucose responses to RE. Plasma glucose decreased significantly in males from 8.6±2.5 to 6.3±2.1 mmol/L (p<0.001) during exercise, whereas females experienced no significant change (7.2±1.3 to 7.3±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.999). In the 6 h after RE, males developed significantly more hypoglycemia, as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Males may have a greater risk of hypoglycemia with an acute bout of RE than females. Further research is needed to examine this phenomenon more closely, as sex-specific recommendations for preventing hypoglycemia around RE may be necessary in type 1 diabetes.
Authors: Othmar Moser; Michael C Riddell; Max L Eckstein; Peter Adolfsson; Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret; Louisa van den Boom; Pieter Gillard; Kirsten Nørgaard; Nick S Oliver; Dessi P Zaharieva; Tadej Battelino; Carine de Beaufort; Richard M Bergenstal; Bruce Buckingham; Eda Cengiz; Asma Deeb; Tim Heise; Simon Heller; Aaron J Kowalski; Lalantha Leelarathna; Chantal Mathieu; Christoph Stettler; Martin Tauschmann; Hood Thabit; Emma G Wilmot; Harald Sourij; Carmel E Smart; Peter G Jacobs; Richard M Bracken; Julia K Mader Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 10.122