Metabolic profile analysis and identification of key metabolites during rice seed germination under low-temperature stress.

The metabolic profile of rice (Oryza sativa) during germination under low temperature (LT) has not been reported. In this study, the rice varieties 02428 (japonica) and YZX (indica) were subjected to experiments consisting of treatments including LT, normal temperature (NT) and a transition from LT to NT, and tissues were sampled at different time points during germination. A total of 730 metabolites were detected by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics method. On the basis of the screening criteria of increased contents under LT and decreased contents under NT, we identified 35 different metabolites that responded to LT stress among the 730 metabolites. Furthermore, the content differences of the 35 metabolites were compared when the samples were transferred from LT to NT. According to a fold change <0.5 or a variable importance in projection (VIP) score>1 at the transition point, 7 out of the 35 metabolites responded significantly to LT stress and were defined as key metabolites. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model of seven key metabolites with seedling length (SL), seedling area (SSA), and seedling volume (SV) was constructed, and the fitting effect was good. These seven key metabolites participate in the biosynthesis of amino acids and phenylpropanoids and in the metabolism of glutathione and inositol phosphate. This study laid a foundation for an improved understanding of the LT-germination mechanism of rice seeds.