Mortality after lung transplantation: a single-centre cohort analysis.

Detailed data on postoperative death in lung transplant (LTx) recipients are lacking. Therefore, we investigated all deaths after LTx in a large, single-centre, 25-year follow-up cohort. Prevalence, time, place and cause of death (COD) were retrospectively analysed for all patients undergoing primary LTx between July 1991 and December 2015 in our centre. Over subsequent years, postoperative survival significantly improved, with proportionally more patients surviving to 1-year post-LTx (P < 0.0001). A total of 347 (38.9%) LTx recipients died, of which 53.6% expired within 3 years post-LTx [median time to death 910 (236-2447) days]. Autopsy was performed in 34.8% of deaths. COD included CLAD in 27.1% (BOS 63.8% vs. RAS 36.2%); infection (26.5%); malignancy (15.6%); postoperative complication (11.2%); cardiovascular disease (4.6%) or other causes (6.9%). In 8.1%, no clear COD could be determined. COD significantly differed between the various LTx indications (P = 0.047). With longer follow-up, infection becomes a less prevalent COD, but CLAD and malignancies a more important COD. The majority of patients died on the intensive care unit (40.6%) or hospital ward (29.1%), but place of death varied depending on the underlying COD. The current study provides insights into the postoperative deaths of LTx recipients.